[0270c28]學禪之人初至師所，師應問言：「汝持戒淨不？非重罪惡邪不？」

Someone who studies dhyāna (Chan; 禅) first arrives at a master’s place. The master should ask the question, "Do you uphold the precepts purely?" "No serious offenses and evil deviances?"

若言：「五眾戒淨，無重罪惡邪。」次教道法。若言：「破戒。」應重問言：「汝破何戒？」

If you say: "adhere to the fivefold precepts purely (五眾戒淨) and have committed no serious offenses or evil deviances (無重罪惡邪)" then the Dharma of the path is taught next. If you say: "I ve broken the precepts (破戒), the master should again ask, "What precepts have you broken? (汝破何戒)"

若言：「重戒。」師言：「如人被截耳鼻不須照鏡，汝且還去，精懃誦經，勸化作福，可種後世道法因緣，此生永棄。譬如枯樹，雖加溉灌不生華葉及其果實。」若破餘戒，是時應教如法懺悔。 若已清淨，師若得天眼、他心智，即為隨病說趣道之法；

If you say: "A major/important precept (重戒)" the master will tell you: "Like someone whose ears and nose have been amputated, there is no need to look in the mirror. You may leave and go back, be diligent, recite the sutras (精懃誦經), encourage change and create blessings (勸化作福) so that you may plant the causes and conditions for the Dharma on the path in future lives (種後世道法因緣). For this lifetime, you may forever give up. For instance, though a withered tree is irrigated further, it will not grow flowers, leaves or fruits." If other precepts were broken, at that time you should be taught to repent according to the Dharma. If you become pure (清淨) and the master has the Heavenly Eye (天眼) or the ability to read/understanding [your] minds (他心智), he will explain the Dharma of the different realms depending on your sickness.

若未得通，應當觀相，或復問之：「三毒之中何者偏重？婬欲多耶！瞋恚多耶！愚癡多耶！」

If he does not yet have this fine trasition (通, mint átvitel), he should observe your appearance or ask you further, "Among the three poisons, which is the heaviest for you? More sexual desire (婬欲多)? More hatred (瞋恚多)? More delusion (愚癡多)?"

[0271a09] 何觀相？

What does it mean by observing your appearance? (觀相)

若多婬相：

The look of those with much lewd and obscene (婬) appears casual:

為人輕便，多畜妻妾，多語多信，顏色和悅，言語便易，少於瞋恨，亦少愁憂。多能技術，好聞多識，愛著文頌，善能談論，能察人情，多諸畏怖。

they keep many wives and concubines, speak a lot and believe readily. They have a pleasant countenance and facility with speech. Their hatred and resentment are slight and their sadness and worries too. They have multiple technical skills. They are erudite and learned, fond of and attached to literature and recitation. They converse and debate capably. Adept in observing people’s sentiments, they have many fears.

心在房室，好著薄衣，渴欲女色，愛著臥具，服飾香華，心多柔軟，能有憐愍，美於言語，好修福業，意樂生天，處眾無難。

Their minds are on their rooms and they enjoy wearing lightweight clothing, crave desire and female beauty. They are fond of and attached to bedding, dress and decoration, incense and flowers. They hearts tend to be soft and tender, capable of being sympathetic. They beautify words and enjoy cultivating blessings as karma. They wish to become born in the heavens and experience no difficulty in a group.

別人好醜，信任婦女，欲火熾盛，心多悔變，憙自莊飾，好觀綵畫，慳惜己物，僥倖他財，好結親友，不憙獨處。樂著所止，隨逐流俗，乍驚乍懼，志如獼猴，所見淺近，作事無慮，輕忘所為，趣得適意，憙啼憙哭。

They judge someone’s look to be beautiful or ugly, and they trust women. When their fire of desire burns furiously, they often experience regret and change their minds. They enjoy adorning themselves and like to look at embroideries and drawings. They are stingy with their belongings and feel lucky when they acquire other people’s wealth. They like to build relationships and friendships but do not enjoy being alone. They abide in their pleasures and attachments, following and pursuing the secular mainstream. They are easily surprised and frightened all of a sudden. They have the will of a monkey. Their views are shallow and nearsighted; they act with thoughts of worry. Their determination is slight in their undertakings and they go for what makes them comfortable.

身體細軟，不堪寒苦，易阻易悅，不能忍事，少得大喜，少失大憂，自發伏匿。身溫汗臭，薄膚細髮，多皺多白，剪爪治鬚，白齒趣行，憙潔淨衣。

They like to weep and cry. Their bodies are fine, soft, and cannot withstand cold or bitterness. They are easily obstructed and easily pleased; they cannot be patient with undertakings. They are extremely happy with acquiring little and extremely worried over minor losses. They like to play [psychological] hide and seek. Their bodies are warm, their perspiration odorous, their skin is delicate and hair thin. They tend to be more wrinkled and pale; they clip their nails and groom their beards. Their white teeth show as they walk along. They enjoy cleanliness and clean clothes.

學不專一，好遊林苑，多情多求，意著常見。

They are not focused in their studies and like to roam the forests and gardens. They tend to be more emotional and pleading; they attach their ideas to the typical views.

附近有德，先意問訊，憙用他語，強顏耐辱，聞事速解，所為事業，分別好醜，愍傷苦厄，自大好勝，不受侵 [夌*欠]，憙行施惠，接引善人，得美飲食，與人共之，不存近細，志在遠大，眼著色欲，事不究竟，無有遠慮。

When there are virtuous ones nearby, they will be the first to convey a welcome and greet them. They enjoy repeating clichés and can force themselves to wear a smile and bear humiliation. They immediately resolve problems they hear for the sake of their work. They discriminate between those who are beautiful and ugly. They are sympathetic to and sad about those suffering and persecuted. They are egotistical, competitive and refuse harassment and bullying. They like to practice generosity and receive good people. They will share delicious foods they acquire with others. They do not remember details at hand but set their goals on what is distant and great. Their vision is attached to looking at form and sensuality. They are not thorough with their tasks. They do not have long-term worries and know the world and its secular ways.

知世方俗，觀察顏色，逆探人心，美言辯慧，結友不固，頭髮稀踈，少於睡眠，坐臥行立，不失容儀。

They watch expressions closely and test people’s hearts by contradicting them. They speak sweetly and debate with wisdom. The friendships they build are volatile. Their hairs are few and thin. They sleep little. Whether sitting, reclining, walking or standing, they do not forget their looks and comportment.

所有財物，能速救急，尋後悔惜，受義疾得，尋復憙忘。

They can quickly rescue all valuables; they regret after they give away something. They are quick to catch the unstated meaning. Furthermore, after recovering something, they tend to forget.

惜於舉動，難自改變，難得離欲，作罪輕微。如是種種 是婬欲相。

They cherish movement and action. They have difficulty changing themselves and leaving desire behind. They commit offenses that are slight and minor. These are the various marks of lust and desire.

[0271b04]瞋恚人相：

The marks of people who are hateful and angry (恚):

多於憂惱，卒暴懷忿，身口麁䵃，能忍眾苦，觸事不可，多愁少歡，能作大惡，無憐愍心，憙為鬪訟。

they tend to be sad and afflicted. They become violent suddenly and harbor anger. They are crude in their display of physical action and speech. They can bear all kinds of suffering but not actual tasks. They are more often sad and less often happy. They can do great evil and have no sympathy. They enjoy fights and arguments.

顏貌毀悴，皺眉眄睞，難語難悅，難事難可。其心如瘡，面宣人闕，義論強梁，不可折伏，難可傾動，難親難沮，含毒難吐。

Their looks are haggard and withered; they furrow their brows and look askance; they have a hard time speaking, being pleased, working and agreeing. Their minds are like abscesses so they expose people’s shortcomings; they are brutal in their arguments over meaning and cannot be tamed. They are not easily affected, not easy to be around and do not cry easily. They have difficulty spitting up the poisons they nurse.

受誦不失，多能多巧，心不懶墮，造事疾速，持望不語，意深難知。

They do not forget what they have received and recited. They have many capabilities and clever skills and tend not to be lazy. They do things quickly and remain silent while aiming for a goal. Their ideas are profound and difficult to understand.

受恩能報，有能聚眾，自伏事人，不可沮敗，能究竟事，難可干亂，少所畏難，譬如師子，不可屈伏，一向不迴，直造直進。憶念不忘，多慮思惟，誦習憶持，能多施與，小利不迴，為師利根。離欲獨處，少於婬欲，心常懷勝，愛著斷見，眼常惡視。

They can repay kindness received. They are capable of gathering people together and take care of problems and people. They cannot be defeated and can complete undertakings. They are difficult to distract and have few fears for difficulties. For example, lions cannot be tamed; they head down one direction and do not turn back, working and advancing unswervingly. They remember rather than forget. They worry much. They contemplate, recite and practice, memorize and uphold practices. They can give a lot and do not expect petty favors in return. They have the sharp faculties of a teacher. They are apart from desires when alone and have few sexual desires. Inside they always wish to win and are fond of and attached to annihilistic views. Their eyes always stare hatefully

真實言語，說事分了，少於親友，為事堅著，堅憶不忘，多於筋力，肩胸姝大，廣額齊髮。心堅難伏，疾得難忘，能自離欲，憙作重罪。如是種種，是瞋恚相。

(but) Their words are true. They explain things logically and clearly. They have few relatives and friends and are steadfast with work. They have a solid memory and do not forget. More often they have strength in their muscles, with wide shoulders and chest, a large forehead and neat hair. They are stubborn and difficult to tame. They do not forget problems easily. They can leave desire on their own and tend to incur serious offenses. These are the various marks of hatred and anger.

[0271b18]愚癡人相：

The marks of people who are foolish and deluded (癡):

多疑多悔，懶墮無見，自滿難屈，憍慢難受，可信不信，非信而信。

they tend to be more skeptical and more regretful. They are lazy and not opinionated. They are conceited and do not yield easily. Their arrogance is difficult to tolerate. They do not believe what is believable and believe what are unbelievable.

不知恭敬，處處信向，多師輕躁，無羞搪突，作事無慮，反教渾戾。不擇親友，不自修飾，好師異道，不別善惡，難受易忘，鈍根懈怠。

They do not know to be respectful and yet believe whatever they encounter. They have many teachers, being rash and restless, unembarrassed and abrupt. They do not think before they act; furthermore, they teach others to be muddled and violent. They are not selective about relatives and friends. They do not groom themselves. They enjoy teachers of various paths and do not distinguish between good and evil. They forget hard feelings easily. Their sense faculties are dull and they are lax.

訶謗行施，心無憐愍，破壞法橋，觸事不了，瞋目不視，無有智巧，多求悕望，多疑少信。

They criticize and slander the practice of generosity and are unsympathetic. They destroy bridges of Dharma and do not understand things with which they come into contact. Their angry eyes do not make contact. They have no intelligence or ingenuity. They have many wants and are pessimistic. They have a lot of doubt and little faith.

憎惡好人，破罪福報，不別善言，不能解過，不受誨喻，親離憎怨，不知禮節，憙作惡口。鬚髮爪長，齒衣多垢，為人驅役，畏處不畏，樂處而憂，憂處而喜，悲處反笑，笑處反悲，牽而後隨，能忍苦事，不別諸味，難得離欲，為罪深重。如是種種，是愚癡相。

They hate good people and commit offenses that ruin their blessings. They cannot tell what are considered kind words and cannot understand mistakes. They do not accept exhortations or parables. Their dear ones leave them behind and their enemies resent them. They know no manners and enjoy speaking harshly. They have long beards, hair and nails; their teeth and clothes tend to be dirty. They are at the command of others and have no fear for those places to be feared. They are sad in happy situations and happy in sad situations. They laugh when they should be melancholy; they are melancholy when they should be laughing. They will follow if dragged along and cannot tolerate hardship. They cannot tell the difference among the various flavors. They rarely leave desires behind. They commit profoundly serious offenses. These are the various marks of foolishness and delusion.

[0271c02] 若多婬欲人，不淨法門治；若多瞋恚人，慈心法門治；若多愚癡人，思惟觀因緣法門治；若多思覺人，念息法門治；若多等分人，念佛法門治。諸如是等種種病，種種法門治。

If people had more lust and desire, they may be cured with the Dharma practice of impurity. If people had more hatred and anger, they may be cured with the Dharma practice of kindness. If people had more foolishness and delusion, they may be cured with the Dharma practice of contemplating causes and conditions. If people thought a lot, they may be cured with the Dharma practice of ceasing thoughts. If people discriminated a lot, they may be cured with the Dharma practice of being mindful of the Buddha. All such various sicknesses and others may be cured with various Dharma practices.

I. 第一治貪欲法門 Első: A vágy/ragaszkodás (貪欲, rāga) gyógyításának (治) Dharma gyakorlata (法門, dharmaparyāya)

[0271c07] 婬欲多人習不淨觀，從足至髮不淨充滿，髮毛爪齒、薄皮厚皮、血肉筋脈、骨髓肝肺、心脾腎胃、大腸小腸、屎尿洟唾、汗淚垢坋、膿腦胞膽、水微膚、脂肪腦膜，身中如是種種不淨。

People with more lust and desire may practice the Contemplation of Impurities (不淨觀). Impurities fill the body from hair to feet. The body consists of various impurities: hair, body hair, nails, teeth, delicate and coarse skin, blood, flesh, muscles, veins, bone marrows, liver, lung, heart, spleen, kidney,stomach, large intestines, small intestines, excrement, urine, saliva, sweat, tears, scum, makeup, pus, brain, membrane, bile, saliva, micro-cellular skin, fat and brain membrane.

復次不淨觀者：觀青瘀膖脹、破爛血流、塗漫臭膿、噉食不盡、骨散燒焦，是謂不淨觀。

Furthermore, for those more advanced in the contemplation of impurities (不淨觀), contemplate the body as blue, bruised, swollen, ripped, rotting, bleeding, smeared and flooded with stinking pus, eaten and chewed incompletely, and bones dispersed and burnt. This called contemplation of impurities (是謂不淨觀).

[0271c12] 復次多婬人有七種愛：或著好色、或著端正、或著儀容、或著音聲、或著細滑、或著眾生、或都愛著。

Furthermore, people with more lust have seven kinds of love (七種愛). Perhaps they are attached to beauty, to upright features, to demeanors, to voices, to that which is fine and smooth, to sentient beings, or are fond of and attached to all of these.

若著好色，當習青瘀觀法，黃赤不淨色等亦復如是！

If they were attached beauty, they should practice the contemplation Dharma of blue bruises. Yellow, red and other impure colors are also done this way, furthermore.

若著端正，當習膖脹身散觀法；

If they were attached to upright (端正) features, they should practice the contemplation Dharma of a swollen body dispersing.

若著儀容，當觀新死血流塗骨觀法；

If they were attached to demeanors / appearance (儀容), they should practice the contemplation Dharma of blood smearing the bones of a fresh corpse.

若著音聲，當習咽塞命斷觀法；

If they were attached to voices (音聲), they should practice the contemplation Dharma of a plugged up pharynx, which leads to death.

若著細滑，當習骨見及乾枯病觀法；

If they were attached to that which is fine/thin and smooth (細滑), they should practice the contemplation Dharma of the drying, withering and ailing of exposed bones.

若愛眾生，當習六種觀；

If they were fond of sentient beings (眾生), they should practice these six kinds of contemplations.

若都愛著，一切遍觀，或時作種種更作異觀。

If they were fond of and attached to everything, contemplate all these pervasively. Perhaps do various contemplations at one time then change and do different contemplations.

是名不淨觀。

This is called the Contemplation of Impurities.

[0271c21] 問曰：「若身不淨如臭腐屍者，何從生著？」

Question: If the body is impure like a stinking and rotting cadaver, from where did attachment develop?

[0271c22] 若著淨身，臭腐爛身亦當應著；若不著臭身，淨身亦應不著。二身等故。

If people were attached to a pure body, they should also be attached to a stinking and rotting body. If they were not attached to a stinking body, they should not be attached to a pure body either. The two types of bodies are equivalent.

若求二實，淨俱不可得，人心狂惑為顛倒所覆，非淨計淨。

If we pursue this line of thinking, both are actually and completely pure, right? This is possible. The minds of people are crazy and deluded; occluded by perversions, they consider impurities pure.

若倒心破，便得實相法觀，便知不淨虛誑不真。 復次死屍，無火無命無識、無有諸根，人諦知之，心不生著；以身有暖、有命有識、諸根完具，心倒惑著。 復次，心著色時謂以為淨，愛著心息即知不淨。

If the perverse mind were to shatter, people would acquire the contemplation of the Dharma of the mark of reality. We would then know that impurities (不淨) are deceptive (虛誑) and unreal (不真). Furthermore, corpses are devoid of fire, life, consciousness, and all organs. When people know the truth then no attachment occurs in the mind. The mind, being perverted, deluded and attached, considers the body possessed of warmth, life, consciousness and all normal sense organs. Furthermore, when the mind is attached to form, it is considered pure; when thoughts of fondness and attachment cease, then they know form is impure.

若是實淨應當常淨，而今不然。如狗食糞謂之為淨，以人觀之甚為不淨，是身內外無一淨處。若著身外，身外薄皮舉身取之，纔得如 [木*奈] 是亦不淨，何況身內三十六物？

If form were truly pure, it should always be pure. But that is not so now. Like a dog that eats excrement considers it pure, humans look at that and find it most impure. There is not a single pure place inside or outside of the body. If people were attached to the body’s exterior, we can take off the thin exterior skin of the body and realize that the body is impure, not to mention the 36 things inside the body?

復次，推身因緣種種不淨，父母精血不淨合成，既得為身常出不淨，衣服床褥亦臭不淨，何況死處？以是當知，生死內外都是不淨 (此下經本至二門初) 。

Furthermore, deducing that the causes and conditions of the body (身因緣) and various impurities (種種不淨) were formed by a combination of a father and a mother’s sperm, blood and such impurities, we realize that the body that we acquired is always releasing impurities. Clothing and bedding also stink and are unclean, not to mention death. Hence, you should know that in birth and death, inside and out, the body is impure.

[0272a08] 復次，觀亦有三品：

Furthermore, this contemplation also consists of three stages:

或初習行、或已習行、或久習行。

Those who are starting to practice, those who have been practicing, those who have been practicing for a long time.

若初習行，當教言作破皮想，除却不淨，當觀赤骨人，繫意觀行，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝念令還。

If they were starting to practice, they should be taught these words: "Think about torn skin. Once the impurities are eliminated, contemplate a naked skeleton. When there is a flurry of thoughts during this contemplation, do not let the thoughts focus on the externals. When thoughts go out to various conditions, gently pull the thoughts back."

若已習行，當教言想却皮肉，盡觀頭骨，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝念令還。

If they have been practicing, they should be taught these words: "Visualize the body without skin and flesh. Concentrate on the cranium without letting thoughts go to things outside. When thoughts go out to various conditions, gently pull the thoughts back."

若久習行，當教言身中一寸心却皮肉，繫意五處：頂、額、眉間、鼻端、心處。

If they have been practicing for a long time, they should be taught these words: "Focus on one square inch in the body, the heart devoid of any skin and flesh.

如是五處住意觀骨，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝念令還，常念觀心，心出制持。

Tie thoughts to five spots: the cranium, forehead, between the eyebrows, tip of the nose and the heart. Keep the focus in these five spots just so and contemplate the bones without letting thoughts go to the externals. When thoughts go out to various conditions, gently pull the thoughts back. Always be mindful and observe the mind. When the mind goes outside, restrain and hold it."

[0272a16] 若心疲極，住念所緣，捨外守住。

If the mind is extremely tired, stay with and guard the object of meditation, letting go of the externals.

譬如獼猴被繫在柱，極乃住息。所緣如柱，念如繩鎖，心喻獼猴。

For example, a monkey tied to a pole will stay put and rest there after becoming tired. The object of meditation is like the pole. Mindfulness is like the rope and lock. The mind is analogous to a monkey.

亦如乳母，常觀嬰兒不令墮落。行者觀心亦復如是，漸漸制心令住緣處。

This is also like a mother, constantly watching over her baby so that it does not fall. A practitioner watches the mind just so too. Restrain the mind gradually and make it stay with the object of meditation. Were the mind to abide for a long time, then it should be the dhyāna (Chan; 禅) Dharma.

[0272a20] 若心久住是應禪法，若得禪定即有三相：

If dhyāna Dharma (禪法) had been attained, there would be three marks of existence (三相, trilakṣaṇa):

身體和悅柔軟輕便，白骨流光猶如白珂，心得靜住。是為觀淨。是時便得色界中心，是名初學禪法得色界心。

The body feels pleasant, soft and light. The sheen to the bones is just like white snow. When the mind reaches this quiet space, it is the contemplation of purity. At this time they reach the center of the Form Realm. This is called the Beginners' Chan Dharma for acquiring the Mind of the Form Realm (初學禪法得色界心).

心應禪法即是色界法，心得此法，身在欲界，四大極大，柔軟快樂，色澤淨潔，光潤和悅，謂悅樂。

The mind that accords with the dhyāna (Chan; 禅) Dharma is the Dharma of the Form Realm (色界法). The mind that acquires this Dharma, though its body is in the Desire Realm (欲界), its Four Elements (四大) are extremely great, soft and happy. Its color/form and hue are pure and clean, shiny and pleasant; hence it is pleased and happy.

二者、向者骨觀白骨相中，光明遍照淨白色。

Second, facing the bones and contemplating them, the marks of the white bones are a pervasive light and a white color that shines purely.

三者、心住一處是名淨觀，除肉觀骨故名淨觀。

Thrird, a mind that abides in one place is called the contemplation of purity. The bones are contemplated with the flesh, hence this is called the contemplation of purity.

如上三相皆自知之，他所不見。

We can know for ourselves these three marks above even though others do not see them.

上三品者，初習行，先未發意；已習行，三四身修；久習行，百年身學。

Among the three stages described earlier, the beginners do not initially have such thoughts, those who have been practicing have cultivated for three or four lifetimes and those who have been practicing for a long time have studied this for hundreds of lifetimes.

II. 第二治瞋恚法門 Második: A harag/indulat (瞋恚, dveṣa) gyógyításának (治) Dharma gyakorlata (法門, dharmaparyāya)

[0272b02] 若瞋恚偏多，當學三種慈心法門：或初習行、或已習行、或久習行。

If people tend to have more hatred and anger, they should study the three Dharma practices of compassionate mind (vagy: kindless) (三種慈心法門): for those who are starting to practice, those who have been practicing or those who have been practicing for a long time.

[0272b03] 若初習行者，當教言慈及親愛。云何親及願與親樂？ 行者若得種種身心快樂，寒時得衣，熱時得涼，飢渴得飲食，貧賤得富貴，行極時得止息，如是種種樂願親愛得，繫心在慈不令異念；異念諸緣，攝之令還。

For those who are starting to practice, they should be taught with these words: "Be kind to dear ones. What does it mean by fulfilling the wishes of and bringing joy to dear ones? Were practitioners to acquire various joys of the body and mind, they would attain clothing when cold, attain coolness when hot, attain food and drink when hungry and thirsty, attain wealth when poor, and attain the ceasing of breath when the practice reaches a certain level. These various attainments the practitioners enjoy and wish them upon dear ones. They reach the state of tying the mind to kindness without letting it think otherwise. When other thoughts about various conditions occur, they gently pull them back."

若已習行，當教言慈及中人。云何及中人而與樂？行者若得種種身心快樂，願中人得，繫心在慈，不令異念；異念諸緣，攝之令還。

If they have been practicing, they should be taught these words: "Be kind to those whom you feel neutral. What does it mean by bestowing joy upon those to whom you feel neutral? Were practitioners to acquire various joys of the body and mind and wish them upon those about whom they feel neutral, they reach the state of tying the mind to kindness without letting it think otherwise. When other thoughts about various conditions occur, they gently pull them back."

若久習行，當教言慈及怨憎。云何及彼而與其樂？行者若得種種身心快樂，願怨憎得，得與親同，同得一心，心大清淨，親中怨等，廣及世界，無量眾生，皆令得樂，周遍十方，靡不同等。大心清淨，見十方眾生皆如自見，在心目前，了了見之，受得快樂，是時即得慈心三昧。

If they have been practicing a long time, they should be taught these words: "Be kind to those you resent and hate. How do you bestow joy upon them? Were practitioners to acquire various joys of the body and mind and wish those you resent and hate acquire joy in the same way you wish to bestow joy upon dear ones, then that one thought of all of them acquiring the same makes your mind great and pure. Those dear to you, neutral to you, hateful to you etc. cover the world widely and infinite beings are made happy; everywhere throughout the ten directions is the same. The great mind being pure, you see all sentient beings throughout the ten directions just like you. You see sentient beings before your mind and understand this sight, which makes you happy. At that time, you immediately attain the kindness samadhi."

[0272b17] 問曰：「親愛中人願令得樂，怨憎惡人云何憐愍復願與樂？」

Question (問曰): For our dear ones and those about whom we feel neutral, we wish them happiness; but for evil people whom we resent and hate, how can we be empathetic and furthermore wish to bestow happiness upon them?

[0272b18] 答曰：「應與彼樂。所以者何？其人更有種種好清淨法因，我今云何豈可以一怨故而沒其善？

Answer (答曰): We should bestow happiness upon them. Why? These people have various aspects of goodness, the pure causes in the Dharma. Now how could we drown out their goodness with a single incident of resentment?

復次思惟：『是人過去世時或是我親善，豈以今瞋更生怨惡？我當忍彼，是我善利。』又念行法，仁德含弘，慈力無量，此不可失。

Furthermore, consider how these individuals were perhaps my relatives and dear ones in lives past. How could we hate them now and further, incur resentment and evil? We will be patient with them and consider them our benefactors. In addition, be mindful of the boundless humaneness and virtue of our practicing this Dharma, which contains vast powers of kindness and cannot be lost.

復思惟言：『若無怨憎何因生忍？生忍由怨，怨則我之親善。』復次瞋報最重，眾惡中上無有過是，以瞋加物其毒難制，雖欲燒他實是自害。

Moreover, consider these words: "If there were no resentment and hatred, how could patience come forth? Patience comes forth out of resentment; resentment is our benefactor. Furthermore, among the multitude of evils, the retribution for hatred is the worst; no other fault is more egregious. Add hatred to something and its poison becomes difficult to restrict; although we wish to burn others, we are really harming ourselves."

復自念言：『外被法服，內習忍行，是謂沙門，豈可惡聲縱此變色憋心？復次，五受陰者，眾苦林藪受惡之的，苦惱惡來何由可免？如刺刺身，苦刺無量，眾怨甚多，不可得除，當自守護，著忍革屣。』

Furthermore, we are mindful of these words: "While draped with the robes of Dharma outside, I practice patience inside. As sramanas, how can we indulge in harsh sounds and change colors to suffocate the heart? Furthermore, the feeling skandha among the Five Skandhas is the receiver of evil amidst the wide array of suffering, how can we avoid the onset of suffering, afflictions and evils? Like thorns that prick the body, the number of bitter thorns is countless. The multitude of resentment is numerous and cannot be eliminated. I shall guard them and wear the sandals of patience."

如佛言曰：

Just as the Buddha said:

「『以瞋報瞋，　　瞋還著之；　　瞋恚不報，
　　能破大軍。　　能不瞋恚，　　是大人法；
　　小人瞋恚，　　難動如山。　　瞋為重毒，
　　多所殘害；　　不得害彼，　　自害乃滅。
　　瞋為大瞑，　　有目無覩；　　瞋為塵垢，
　　染污淨心。　　如是瞋恚，　　當急除滅；
　　毒蛇在室，　　不除害人。』　　如是種種，
　　瞋毒無量；　　當習慈心，　　除滅瞋恚。

　　是為慈三昧門。」

To repay hatred with hatred Hatred will only come back Hatred and anger unavenged
Can break large army legions. To be free of hatred and anger Is the Dharma of a great man;
A petty man is hateful and angry So cannot move this mountain. Hatred is a serious poison,
That mutilates and mars so many; If it does not harm you, The harm itself shall cease.
Hatred is a great blindness, As if eyes that do not see. Hatred is dust and scum
That taints the pure heart. Just as hatred and anger Should be removed immediately
, So a venomous snake in a room Will harm people if unremoved. Just so these various examples
Represent countless poisons of hatred. Always practice kindness in the heart To put an end to hatred and anger.

This is the Samadhi Door of Kindness (慈三昧門).

III. 第三治愚癡法門 Harmadik: A tudatlanság mérgének (愚癡) gyógyításának (治) Dharma gyakorlata (法門, dharmaparyāya)

[0272c11] 若愚癡偏多，當學三種思惟法門：或初習行、或已習行、或久習行。

If people tend to have more foolishness and delusion, they should study the three Dharma practices of contemplation (三種思惟法門): for those who are starting to practice, those who have been practicing or those who have been practicing for a long time.

[0272c12] 若初習行，當教言生緣老死，無明緣行。如是思惟，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。

If they were starting to practice, they should be taught these words: "Birth conditions old age and death while ignorance conditions conduct. Contemplate just so and do not let thoughts go out. When thoughts go out to various conditions, pull them back gently."

若已習行，當教言行緣識、識緣名色、名色緣六入、六入緣觸、觸緣受、受緣愛、愛緣取、取緣有。如是思惟，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。

If they have been practicing, they should be taught these words: "Activities condition consciousness (行緣識), consciousness conditions name and form (識緣名色), name and form condition the six entrances (名色緣六入), the six entrances condition contact (六入緣觸), contact conditions feeling (觸緣受), feeling conditions love (受緣愛), love conditions grasping (愛緣取), and grasping conditions existence (取緣有). Contemplate just so and do not let thoughts go out. When thoughts go out to various conditions, pull them back gently."

若久習行，當教言無明緣行、行緣識、識緣名色、名色緣六入、六入緣觸、觸緣受、受緣愛、愛緣取、取緣有、有緣生、生緣老死。如是思惟，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。

If they have been practicing a long time, they should be taught these words: "Ignorance conditions activities (無明緣行), activities condition consciousness (行緣識), consciousness conditions name and form (識緣名色), name and form condition the six entrances (名色緣六入), the six entrances condition contact (六入緣觸), contact conditions feeling (觸緣受), feeling conditions love (受緣愛), love conditions grasping (愛緣取), grasping conditions existence (取緣有), existences conditions birth (有緣生), and birth conditions old age and death (生緣老死). Contemplate just so and do not let thoughts go out. When thoughts go out to various conditions, pull them back gently."

[0272c20] 問曰：「一切智人是有明，一切餘人是無明，是中云何無明？」

Question (問曰): All wise individuals understand while the rest are ignorant (無明, avidyā). What does it mean by ignorance (無明, avidyā) here?

[0272c22] 答曰：「無明名一切不知。此中無明能造後世有，有者無、無者有，棄諸善、取諸惡，破實相、著虛妄。

Answer (答曰): Ignorance (無明, avidyā) is called understanding nothing (一切不知). Ignorance here means that it can create existence in future lives: the have's have none (有者無) and the have-not's have (無者有); they abandon all goodness and grasp all evil; they shatter the mark of reality and are attached to illusory falseness.

如〈無明相品〉中說：

Just as the "Mark of Ignorance Chapter" says:

「『不明白益法，　　不知道德業；
　　而作結使因，　　如火鑽燧生。
　　惡法而心著，　　遠棄於善法；
　　奪眾生明賊，　　去來明亦劫。
　　常樂我淨想，　　計於五陰中；
　　苦習盡道法，　　亦復不能知。
　　種種惱險道，　　盲人入中行；
　　煩惱故業集，　　業故苦流迴。
　　不應取而取，　　應取而反棄；
　　馳闇逐非道，　　蹴株而躃地。
　　有目而無慧，　　其喻亦如是，
　　是因緣滅故，　　智明如日出。』

Without understanding beneficial dharmas, Without knowing virtuous karma,
They create the causes for mental knots and servants, Like boring a hole into logs to generate a fire.
The mind attaches to evil dharmas While distancing and abandoning good dharmas;
It is the thief that robs beings of their understanding, Robbing understanding from the past and future too.
Thoughts about permanence, bliss, true self and purity Are calculated into the Five Skandhas.
Studying hard the comprehensive Dharmas of the way, They still will not know.
Various vexations are on this dangerous path, Yet blind men enter them and walk.
Vexations lead to an accumulation of karma; Karma leads to the migrating return of suffering.
We grasp what we should not; We abandon instead what we should grasp;
Roaming in the dark, we chase down the wrong paths; Stomping on plants, we become lame.
We have eyes but no wisdom--This analogy is just so too:
Causes and conditions lead to extinction. Wisdom that understands is like the rising sun.

[0273a08] 「如是略說，無明乃至老死亦如是。」

This is a brief explanation. Ignorance and conditions on up to old age and death are just so too.

[0273a08] 問曰：「佛法中因緣甚深，云何癡多人能觀因緣？」

Question (問曰): Causes and conditions of the Buddhadharma (佛法中因緣) are most profound (甚深), how can people with much delusion contemplate causes and conditions?

[0273a09] 答曰：「二種癡人：一、如牛羊；二、種種邪見、癡惑闇蔽，邪見癡人。佛為此說，當觀因緣以習三昧。」

Answer (答曰): There are two types of deluded individuals. One type is like ox and sheep. The second type consists of those with various deviant views. Delusion and confusion cover these deluded individuals with deviant views and it is for them that the Buddha said they shall contemplate causes and conditions to learn samadhi.

IV. 第四治思覺法門 Negyedik: A gondolkodás és figyelmesség (思覺) gyógyításának (治) Dharma gyakorlata (法門, dharmaparyāya)

[0273a13] 若思覺偏多，當習阿那般那三昧法門。

If people tend to have more thoughts and attentiveness, they should study the Dharma Door / practices of ānāpāna samadhi (阿那般那三昧法門).

有三種學人：或初習行、或已習行、或久習行。

There are three types of students: perhaps there are those who are starting to practice, perhaps there are those who have been practicing and perhaps there are those who have been practicing for a long time.

若初習行，當教言一心念數，入息出息，若長若短，數一至十。

If they were starting to practice, they should be taught these words: "Focus on being mindful while counting inhalations and exhalations. Whether the breath is long or short, count from one to ten."

若已習行，當教言數一至十，隨息入出，念與息俱，止心一處。

If they have been practicing, they should be taught these words: "Count from one to ten as you follow the inhalation and the exhalation. Thoughts and breathing both stop in a single place in the mind."

若久習行，當教言數、隨、止、觀、轉觀、清淨。

If they have been practicing for a long time, they should be taught these words: "Count as you pause and contemplate, turning the contemplation into one of purity.

阿那般那三昧，六種門十六分，云何為數？一心念入息，入息至竟數一，出息至竟數二。

ānāpāna samadhi's (阿那般那三昧) six practices (六種門) are divided into 16 parts (十六分). What does it mean to count "one" as the mind notices the inhalation, when the inhalation ends, count "one", when the exhalation concludes, count "two".

若未竟而數為非數，若數二至九而誤，更從一數起。譬如算人，一一為二、二二為四、三三為九。

If the breath is not yet complete and is counted, then that does not count. If you make a mistake while you count from two to nine, then start again from one. In counting people, for instance, one and one are two, two and two is four, three times three is nine.

[0273a22] 問曰：「何以故數？」

Question (問曰): Why count?

[0273a23] 答曰：「無常觀易得故、亦斷諸思覺故、得一心故。身心生滅無常，相似相續難見；入息出息生滅無常，易知易見故。

Answer (答曰): Because it is easier to access the contemplation of impermanence that way. It also stops all thinking and focus is acquired. The impermanence of coming into being and the ceasing to be of the body and the mind (身心生滅無常) is similar (相似) and difficult to see in continuity (相續, saṃtati 難見). However, the impermanence of the coming into being and the ceasing to be of inhalations and exhalations are easy to know and easy to see.

復次，心繫在數，斷諸思諸覺。

Furthermore, when the mind is tied to counting, all thinking and all awareness stop,

思覺者：欲思覺、恚思覺、惱思覺、親里思覺、國土思覺、不死思覺。

including thoughts and awareness about desire (欲), anger (恚), vexation (惱), relatives (親), nations (國土), and non-death / vagy: immortality (不死).

欲求淨心入正道者，先當除却三種麁思覺，次除三種細思覺，除六覺已，當得一切清淨法。

For those who wish to pursue a pure mind and enter the proper path (淨心入正道), they must first eliminate three forms of crude thought and attentiveness (三種麁思覺), then the three forms of fine thought and attentiveness. Once the six types of attentiveness are eliminated (除六覺已), they shall acquire all pure Dharmas (一切清淨法).

譬如採金人，先除麁石砂，然後除細石砂，次第得細金砂。」

For example, a gold digger first filters out the pebbles, then eliminates the fine grains, so he will next obtain fine sand of gold.

[0273b02] 問曰：「云何為麁病？云何為細病？」

Question (問曰): What are crude sicknesses (麁病)? What are fine sicknesses (細病)?

[0273b02] 答曰：「欲、瞋、惱覺是三名麁病；親里、國土及不死覺是三名細病，除此覺已，得一切清淨法。」

Answer (答曰): Attentiveness for desire, anger, and vexation are the three so-called crude sicknesses. Attentiveness for relatives, nations, and immortality are the three so-called fine sicknesses. Once these attentivenesses are eliminated, you attain all pure dharmas.

[0273b04] 問曰：「未得道者結使未斷，六思覺強從心生亂，云何能除？」

Question (問曰): Those who have not reached the path have not ended their mental knots and servants. The six types of thinking and attentiveness force their way into the mind and create chaos. How do we eliminate them?

[0273b06] 答曰：「心厭世間，正觀能遮而未能拔，後得無漏道，能拔結使根本。何謂正觀？

Answer (答曰): A mind that is weary of the world. Proper contemplation can cover but cannot uproot them yet. Later the attainment of the path of non-outflow can uproot the origins of the mental knots and servants. What is proper contemplation?

「見多欲人求欲苦，　　得之守護是亦苦；
　失之憂惱亦大苦，　　心得欲時無滿苦。
　欲無常空憂惱因，　　眾共有此當覺棄；
　譬如毒蛇入人室，　　不急除之害必至。
　不定不實不貴重，　　種種欲求顛倒樂；
　如六神通阿羅漢，　　教誨欲覺弟子言：
『汝不破戒戒清淨，　　不共女人同室宿；
　欲結毒蛇滿心室，　　纏綿愛喜不相離。
　既知身戒不可毀，　　汝心常共欲火宿；
　汝是出家求道人，　　何緣縱心乃如是？
　父母生養長育汝，　　宗親恩愛共成就；
　咸皆涕泣戀惜汝，　　汝能捨離不顧念？
　而心常在欲覺中，　　共欲嬉戲無厭心；
　常樂欲火共一處，　　歡喜愛樂不暫離。』

Seeing people with much desire suffer as they pursue desire, And suffer too as they guard what they have attained.
They suffer greatly in sadness and vexations due to loss, Then they suffer discontent when they get their hearts’ desire.
Desires are effervescent and empty, the cause of sadness and afflictions. All who share them should realize this and abandon them.
Just as venomous snakes enter someone’s room, Will bring harm if not removed immediately.
Unstable, untrue, and of no value, Are the various pursuits of desire for mixed-up pleasures.
Just as an arhat with the six supernatural powers, Teaches his disciples about the attentiveness for desire saying:
You do not break the precepts; you keep your precepts pure. You do not sleep in the same room with a woman,
But the snakes of desire and mental knots fill the room of your mind. You linger out of love and joy, never being apart.
Though you know you cannot ruin your precepts of the body, Your mind always cohabits with the fire of desire.
You are a monk who seeks the path, What conditions lead you to indulge your mind just so?
Your parents gave birth to and raised you, Your family members cared for you and together supported you.
All of them sobbed because they so cherished you, You can leave them without another thought.
But your mind always resides in attentiveness for desire. Together with desire you play without satiation.
You always enjoy being with the fire of desire, Delighting and loving each other without parting momentarily.

[0273b22] 「如是種種呵欲覺，如是種種正觀除欲覺。」

These are the various exhortations on attentiveness for desire. These are the various proper contemplations to eliminate attentiveness for desire.

[0273b22] 問曰：「云何滅瞋恚覺？」

Question (問曰): How do we eliminate attentiveness for hatred and anger (滅瞋恚覺)?

[0273b23] 答曰：

Answer (答曰):

「從胎中來生常苦，　　是中眾生莫瞋惱；
　若念瞋惱慈悲滅，　　慈悲瞋惱不相比。
　汝念慈悲瞋惱滅，　　譬如明闇不同處；
　若持淨戒念瞋恚，　　是人自毀破法利。
　譬如諸象入水浴，　　復以泥土塗坌身；
　一切常有老病死，　　種種鞭笞百千苦。
　云何善人念眾生，　　而復加益以瞋惱？
　若起瞋恚欲害彼，　　未及前人先自燒；
　是故常念行慈悲，　　瞋惱惡念內不生。
　若人常念行善法，　　是心常習佛所念；
　是故不應念不善，　　常念善法歡樂心。
　今世得樂後亦然，　　得道常樂是涅槃；
　若心積聚不善覺，　　自失己利并害他。
　是謂不善彼我失，　　他有淨心亦復沒；
　譬如阿蘭若道人，　　舉手哭言賊劫我。

From out of the womb comes birth of constant suffering. Sentient beings, do not hate or be afflicted,
If you are mindful of hatred and afflictions, compassion ceases. Compassion and hatred and afflictions are incomparable.
Mindful of compassion, your hatred and afflictions quell, Just as brightness and darkness are different spaces.
If you uphold the pure precepts with hateful and angry thoughts, You will self-destruct and ruin any gain in the Dharma.
Just as the elephants enter water to bathe Then paint their bodies with mud,
Everything always undergoes old age, sickness and death, And various whippings and suffering in a thousand forms.
How could good people be mindful of sentient beings Then further benefit by being hateful and afflicted?
Were they wishing to harm another out of hatred or anger, They first burn themselves before they reach another.
Therefore always be mindful and practice compassion Without developing hatred and evil thoughts within,
And were they always mindful and practice good dharmas, In their mind, they practice what the Buddhas are mindful of.
Therefore you should avoid thoughts unwholesome. Always be mindful of wholesome dharmas with a joyous heart.
You will be happy in this life and future ones too, Reaching the path of eternal bliss that is nirvana.
If your mind collects unwholesome attentivenesses, You will lose your benefits and harm others too.
This is unwholesomeness where both you and I lose, Drowning out too others’ minds of purity.
Just as practitioners in aranyas Raise their hands and cry, "A bandit just robbed me!"

[0273c10] 「有人問言誰劫汝？答言財賊我不畏，我不聚財求世利，誰有財賊能侵我？

Someone asks, "Who robbed you?" They say, "I am not afraid of being robbed of my money. I do not collect money or pursue worldly gain. What money robber can attack me?

我集善根諸法寶，覺觀賊來破我利；財賊可避多藏處，劫善賊來無處避。

Someone asks, "Who robbed you?" They say, "I am not afraid of being robbed of my money. I do not collect money or pursue worldly gain. What money robber can attack me?

如是種種呵瞋恚，如是種種正觀除瞋恚覺。」

These are the various exhortations on hatred and anger. These are the various proper contemplations for eliminating attentiveness for hatred and anger.

[0273c15] 問曰：「云何除惱覺？」

Question (問曰): How do we eliminate attentiveness for vexation (惱覺)?

答曰：

「眾生百千種，　　諸病更互恒來惱；
　死賊捕伺常欲殺，　　無量眾苦自沈沒。
　云何善人復加惱，　　讒謗謀害無慈仁？
　未及傷彼被殃身。　　俗人起惱是可恕，
　此事世法惡業因，　　亦不自言我修善。
　求清淨道出家人，　　而生瞋恚懷嫉心；
　清冷雲中放毒火，　　當知此惡罪極深。
　阿蘭若人興嫉妬，　　有阿羅漢他心智，
　教誡苦責汝何愚，　　嫉妬自破功德本？
　若求供養當自集，　　諸功德本莊嚴身；
　若不持戒禪多聞，　　虛假染衣壞法身；
　實是乞兒弊惡人，　　云何求供養利身？
　飢渴寒熱百千苦，　　眾生常困此諸惱；
　身心苦厄無窮盡，　　云何善人加諸惱？
　譬如病瘡以針刺，　　亦如獄囚考未決；
　苦厄纏身眾惱集，　　云何慈悲更令劇？

Answer (答曰):

There are thousands of kinds of sentient beings, Various illnesses alternate to bother them perpetually
The thief that is death waits in ambush, always ready to assassinate; They drown themselves in endless suffering.
How can good people add vexations furthermore, By being obsequious, slanderous and harmful without kindness or humaneness?
Before they harm others, they already brought disaster onto themselves. It is forgivable for laypeople to become afflicted.
Though this is the cause of bad karma in the world, I do not self-proclaim that I cultivate goodness.
Instead, monastics who pursue the path of purity, Develop hatred and harbor envy,
Releasing toxic fires in cool clouds. We should know that this evil offense is extremely deep.
For individuals in aranyas who become jealous, There are arhats who read others’ minds
Teaching, exhorting and bitterly criticizing: how foolish you are, Jealousy naturally wrecks the core of merit and virtue.
If you wish for offerings, you shall collect them yourself; Adorn yourself with various core merit and virtue.
If you do not uphold precepts, meditate, or become erudite, You wear the dyed robes in vain and ruin your Dharma body.
You are indeed a beggar and a despised evil man, How can you wish for offerings that benefit your body?
Thirst, hunger, cold, heat, and thousands of sufferings, Beings are often trapped in these afflictions.
Hardship and maladies of the body and mind are endless, How can good people add to these vexations?
Just as a diseased sore is pricked with a needle Or a prisoner whose sentence is not yet decided,
Hardship entangle them and a multitude of vexations gather, Why would we exacerbate them if we were compassionate?

[0274a03] 「如是種種呵惱覺，如是種種正觀除惱覺。」

These are the various exhortations on attentiveness for vexation. These are the various proper contemplations for eliminating attentiveness for vexation.

[0274a04] 問曰：「云何除親里覺？」

Question (問曰): How do we eliminate attentiveness for relatives (親里覺)?

[0274a05] 答曰：「應如是念：世界生死中自業緣牽，何者是親，何者非親？

Answer (答曰): We should contemplate this way. Life and death in the world are led by conditions of personal karma-- who are our relatives and who are not our relatives?

但以愚癡故，橫生著心計為我親，過去世非親為親，未來世非親為親，今世是親過去非親。譬如鳥栖，暮集一樹，晨飛各隨緣去。家屬親里亦復如是，生世界中，各各自異心，緣會故親，緣散故踈，無有定實，因緣果報，共相親近。譬如乾沙，緣手團握，緣捉故合，緣放故散。

It is only because of foolishness and delusion that we accidentally develop attachments and consider some people our relatives. Non-relatives in past lives are now relatives; non-relatives in future lives are now relatives; and relatives in this life are not relatives in the past. For example, birds perched on a tree gather in the evening fly off in the morning according to conditions, families and relatives are the same way. Each thinks differently in this world. When conditions gather, we are relatives; when conditions disperse, we are distant. There are no fixed or true causes and conditions or retributions. We mutually draw close to each other. For example, dry sand conditions a hand that rolls it and handles it. Because of the condition of grabbing, there is union; because of the release of the condition, there is dispersion.

父母養子，老當得報，子蒙懷抱養育故應報，若順其意則親，若逆其意是賊。有親不能益而反害，有非親無損而大益，人以因緣故而生愛，愛因緣故而更斷。譬如畫師作婦女像還自愛著，此亦如是，自生染著，染著於外。過去世中汝有親里，今世於汝復何所作？

Parents raise their children should they deserve payback in old age. The children were held and nurtured, therefore should pay back. Were we to accord with their wishes, we would be dear ones; were we to contradict their wishes, we would be thieves. Having dear ones cannot benefit us, but actually do harm; having no dear ones is harmless, but actually benefits us greatly. Due to causes and conditions, people develop love. Due to the causes and conditions of love, there is change and conclusion. For example, an artist who paints female images is fond of them and attached. This is just so too. We develop tainted attachments and they manifest externally. You had relatives in lives past, what are you doing for them in this lifetime?

汝亦不能益過去親，過去親不益汝，兩不相益，空念之為是親非親，世界中不定無邊。

You cannot help past relatives, just as past relatives cannot help you. Since neither of you can help one another, thoughts about relatives or non-relatives are in vain. The world is unfixed and without bounds.

如阿羅漢教新出家戀親弟子言：『如惡人吐食更欲還噉，汝亦如是！汝已得出家，何以還欲愛著，是剃髮染衣、是解脫相？汝著親里不得解脫，還為愛所繫，三界無常流轉不定，若親非親，雖今親里久久則滅，如是十方眾生迴轉，親里無定是非我親。』

Just as an arhat teaches newly left-home disciples who miss their relatives: "Just as bad people who wish to eat their vomit, you are the same way. You have already left home, why do you wish to return to love and attachment? A shaved head and dyed robes are signs of liberation; being attached to relatives, you cannot be liberated because you are tied down by love. The Three Realms are impermanent and you transmigrate with no certainty."

人欲死時無心無識，直視不轉，閉氣命絕如墮闇坑，是時親里家屬安在？若初生時先世非親，今強和合作親，若當死時復非親，如是思惟，不當著親。如人兒死，一時三處父母俱時啼哭，誑天上父母妻子，人中亦為誑，龍中父母亦為誑，如是種種正觀除親里覺。」

Whether someone is a relative or not [is not important]. Although someone is a relative now, after a long time, the relation will cease. Just as sentient beings throughout the ten directions transmigrate, it is not certain who are definitely my relatives or non-relatives. When people are about to die, there is no more mind or consciousness, they stare straight ahead without averting. They stop breathing and end their lives as if plummeting into a dark pit. At that time, their relatives and family members are alive and well. If at the time of birth, non-relatives from past lives were forced to become their relatives, then at the time of death, they will become non-relatives again. Contemplate in this way and you will not be attached to your relatives. Just as someone’s child dies, parents in three realms instantaneously and simultaneously cry and holler, deceiving parents and spouse in the heavens, parents and spouse in the human realm, and parents among dragons too. These are the various proper contemplations for eliminating attentiveness for relatives.

[0274b03] 問曰：「云何除國土覺？」

Question (問曰): How do we eliminate attentiveness for nations (國土覺)?

[0274b03] 答曰：「行者若念是國土，豐樂安隱多諸好人，恒為國土覺繩所牽，將去罪處。覺心如是，若有智人不應念著。何以故？

Answer (答曰): If practitioners constantly think about their country of abundance, stability, and its many good people, they are always led by the rope that is attentiveness for a nation. They will go to places of offense and so will their attentiveness. If people were wise, they should not be attached to these thoughts. Why?

國土種種過罪所燒時節轉故，亦有飢餓身疲極故，一切國土無常安者。復次，老病死苦無國不有，從是間身苦去、得彼處身苦，一切國土去無不苦。

The various offenses of a country burn as seasons progress. It is because starvation and extreme fatigue exist in all lands; no country is always at peace. Furthermore, no country is exempt from old age, sickness, death and suffering. Suffering in this physical body leaves only lead to suffering in a body elsewhere.

假有國土安隱豐樂，而有結惱心生苦患，是非好國土；能除雜惡國土、能薄結使令心不惱，是謂好國土。一切眾生有二種苦：身苦。心苦。常有苦惱，無有國土無此二惱。

Any land they go to are not devoid of suffering. Even if there were safe and affluent countries, there still exist mental knots of affliction that create problems for the mind; therefore it is not a good country. A good country is one capable of eliminating miscellaneous evils and weakening mental knots and servants so that minds do not become afflicted. All beings undergo two types of suffering: the constant suffering of the body and of the mind. There are no lands without these two types of suffering.

復次有國土大寒，有國土大熱，有國土飢餓，有國土多病，有國土多賊，有國土王法不理。如是種種國土之惡心不應著，如是正觀除國土覺。」

Furthermore, some lands are extremely cold while some lands are extremely hot, some lands experience famine, some lands experience plague, some lands have many thieves, and some lands have anarchy. We should not be attached to the negative thoughts about these various lands. These are the various proper contemplations to eliminate attentiveness for nations.

[0274b17] 問曰：「云何除不死覺？」

Question (問曰): How do we eliminate attentiveness for non-death or immortality (不死覺)?

[0274b17] 答曰：「應教行者，若好家生、若種族子，才技力勢勝人，一切莫念。何以故？

Answer (答曰): We should teach practitioners, if they were born in good families, belonged to a superior clan, or had winning talents, skills, strength or prowess; they should not heed any of this. Why?

一切死時，不觀老少貴賤、才技力勢。是身是一切憂惱諸因緣，因自見少多壽，若得安隱，是為癡人。何以故？

At the time of death for everyone, regardless of whether they are young or old, elite or lowly in class, and possessing whatever skill or strength, the body is the cause and condition for all sadness and afflictions. Those who are at peace, because they have fewer opinions and longer lifespans, are deluded individuals. Why?

是謂憂惱因。依是四大、四大造色，如四毒蛇共不相應，誰得安隱者？出息期入，是不可信。復次人睡時欲期必覺，是事難信。受胎至老，死事恒來，求死時節言常不死，云何可信？

It is because the cause and the base of sadness and afflictions are the four elements. The four elements create form like the four venomous snakes and they do not support each other. So who is at peace? The expectation that an exhalation will enter again is not to be trusted. Furthermore, when people go to sleep, they hope and expect that they will wake up. This phenomenon is not to be trusted. The matter of death always arrives following inception on to old age. How can we trust talk of immortality forever when death is imminent?

譬如殺賊，拔刀、注箭常求殺人，無憐愍心。人生世間死力最大，一切無勝死力強者，若過去世第一妙人無能脫此死者，現在亦無大智人能勝死者，亦非軟語求、非巧言誑可得避脫；亦非持戒精進能却此死。以是故當知，人常危脆不可怙恃，莫信計常我壽久活，是諸死賊常將人去，不付老竟然後當殺。

For example, murderers stab with a knife or shoot with arrows because they have no sympathy and always wish to kill. In life and the world, the power of death is the greatest. Nothing can overcome the mighty force of death. If in lives past, none of the people who are most wonderful were able to escape death, no greatly wise individuals now can overcome death. They cannot evade it with tender pleas or clever deceptions; they cannot avoid death by upholding the precepts or being diligent in practice either. Therefore, you should know that human lives are endangered, fragile and cannot be relied upon at all times. Do not trust the constant calculations about a life of longevity. All these thieves of death always remove people, murdering them before they are old.

[0274c03] 「如阿羅漢教諸覺所惱弟子言：

Just as an arhat teaches disciples afflicted by all these awarenesses says,

『汝何以不知厭世入道？何以作此覺？有人未生便死，有生時死者，有乳餔時、有斷乳時、有小兒時、有盛壯時、有老時，一切時中，間死法界。譬如樹華，華時便墮，有果時墮，有未熟時墮。是故當知，勤力精進求安隱道，大力賊共住不可信。此賊如虎巧覆藏身，如是死賊常求殺人。』

"Why do you not know to detest the world and enter the path? Why do you have these attentivenesses? Some people are dead before birth. Some die during birth, when breast-fed, when weaned, during childhood, during their prime or during old age. The Dharma Realm of death is in the midst of all these periods. For example, trees and flowers. When flowers bloom, they fall; when fruits are bore, they fall; when the fruits are not yet ripe, they fall. Therefore you should know to diligently apply your efforts and pursue the path of peace. Do not trust the mighty thief who lives with you. This thief is like a tiger that cleverly conceals itself.

[0274c10] 「世界所有空如水泡，云何當言待時入道？何誰能證言汝必老可得行道？

Just as the thief of death always tries to kill, the existence of the world is empty like water bubbles. Why do you say you will wait to enter the path? Who can guarantee and claim that you will definitely age and be able to walk the path?

譬如嶮岸大樹上有大風，下有大水崩其根土，誰當信此樹得久住者？人命亦如是，少時不可信。

For example, a giant tree on a steep cliff collapses at its roots due to heavy storms above and heavy floods below. Who will believe that this tree will remain for long? The human life is just so too; we cannot trust it even for a brief moment.

父如穀子，母如好田，先世因緣罪福如雨澤，眾生如穀，生死如收刈。種種諸天子人王智德，如天王佐天鬪破諸阿須倫軍，種種受樂，極高大明，還沒在黑闇。以是故，莫信命活，言我今日當作此，明後當作是。

A father is like a seed, a mother is like a fine land, the offenses and blessings of causes and conditions in past lives are like the moisturizing rain. Sentient beings are like grains; the cycle of birth and death is like a harvest collector. The wisdom and virtues of all heavenly and human lords, such as heavenly kings who aided god in battling and defeating the armies of asuras, allow them to enjoy various delights most supreme and radiant; and yet they return to drown in darkness. Therefore do not believe in immortality and proclaim, "I will do this today and do that tomorrow and the day after."

如是正觀種種，除不死覺。

These are the various proper contemplations on eliminating attentiveness for immortality.

[0274c19] 「如是先除麁思覺，却後除細思覺，心清淨生得正道，一切結使盡，從是得安隱處，是謂出家果。心得自在，三業第一清淨，不復受胎，讀種種經多聞，是時得報果。

By first eliminating crude thoughts and attentiveness in this way and eliminating fine thoughts and attentiveness later, the mind becomes purified and birth in a proper path occurs and all mental knots and servants vanish. From these, the place of peace is reached. This is the so-called result of leaving home. The mind acquires ease. The three karmas become most pure and they are never conceived again. By reading various sutras and becoming erudite, they immediately attain their retribution.

如是得時，不空破魔王軍，便得第一勇猛名稱。世界中煩惱將去，是不名健；能破煩惱賊，滅三毒火，涼樂清淨，涅槃林中安隱高枕，種種禪定、根、力、七覺，清風四起，顧念眾生沒三毒海，德妙力如是，乃名為健。如是等散心，當念阿那般那，學六種法斷諸思覺，以是故念數息。」

At the time of this attainment, they will not have broken the armies of demon kings in vain; they will immediately acquire the title of being foremost in boldness. Their afflictions regarding the world are about to cease, and yet that is not considered healthy. What is considered healthy is when, with virtuous and wondrous powers, they are able to smash the thieves of affliction, quell the fire of the three poisons and enjoy purity. They are able to relax and rest in peace in the forest of nirvana; they are able to kindly regard how beings are drowning in the sea of the three poisons while the cool breeze blows from all directions during various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) samadhis and the seven awakenings of the senses. When the mind is scattered in these various ways, be mindful of ānāpāna and study the six dharmas to end all thinking and attentiveness. This is why we mindfully count the breath.

[0275a01] 問曰：「若餘不淨、念佛、四等觀中，亦得斷思覺，何以故獨數息？」

Question (問曰): If the other Four Contemplations on impurity and mindfulness of the Buddha also end thoughts and attentiveness, why only count the breath?

[0275a02] 答曰：「餘觀法寬難失故，數息法急易轉故。譬如放牛，以牛難失故，守之少事，如放獼猴易失故，守之多事，此亦如是！數息心數不得少時他念，少時他念則失數，以是故初斷思覺應數息。」

Answer (答曰): The rest of the Dharmas of contemplation are relaxing and difficult to lose; whereas the method of counting the breath is quick-paced and easily turned. In tending ox, for example, there is the phenomenon that since it is difficult to lose an oxen, little guarding occurs. Whereas the phenomenon with tending monkeys is that they are easily lost, so more guarding occurs. This is the same way. You cannot think about something else even momentarily while counting your breath in your head; you lose count when you think about something else even momentarily.

[0275a06] 已得數法，當行隨法，斷諸思覺，入息至竟，當隨莫數一；出息至竟，當隨莫數二。

Therefore you should count your breath when first ending thoughts and attentivenesses. Once you know the counting method, you should practice accordingly to end all thoughts and attentivenesses. Follow an inhalation to its completion but do not count "one." Follow an exhalation to its completion but do not count "two."

譬如負債人，債主隨逐，初不捨離。如是思惟是入息，是還出更有異？出息是還入，更有異？是時知入息異、出息異。何以故？出息暖、入息冷。

For example, a creditor initially pursues a debtor without separating at all. Contemplate in this way, inhalation that is released is different and exhalation that comes in is different. You will know the difference between inhalations and exhalations at that time. How? Exhalations are warm while inhalations are cool.

[0275a11] 問曰：「入出息是一息。何以故？出息還更入故。譬如含水水暖，吐水水冷，冷者還暖，暖者還冷故。」

Question (問曰): An inhalation and an exhalation (入出息) is one breath (一息). Why? An exhalation will return again. For example, water kept in the mouth is warm while water spit out is cold. Cold becomes warm and warmth becomes cold.

[0275a13] 答曰：「不爾！內心動故有息出，出已即滅。鼻口引外則有息入，入故息滅，亦無將出亦無將入。復次，少、壯、老人，少者入息長，壯者入出息等，老者出息長，是故非一息。

Answer (答曰): No. It is because the mind stirs that there are exhalations. Once exhaled, it ceases. When the nose and mouth suck outside air, breath enters. Once inhaled, the breath ceases. There is nothing that is about to be released and nothing to enter. Furthermore, among the young, the strong and the elderly-- youngsters have longer inhalations, those in their prime have even inhalations and exhalations, whereas elders have longer exhalations. Therefore it is not one breath.

復次，臍邊風發相似相續，息出至口鼻邊，出已便滅。譬如 [夢-夕+棐] 囊中風，開時即滅。

Moreover, air generated from around the navel seems similar and continuous. When the exhalation reaches the mouth and the nose, the exhalation ceases. For instance, as soon as the bellow opens, air ceases. If the causes and conditions of nose and mouth invite it in, then air enters. It comes forth from these new causes and conditions. For example, wind occurs when various conditions combine with the fan.

若以口鼻因緣引之則風入，是從新因緣邊生。譬如扇，眾緣合故則有風。是時知入出息因緣，而有虛誑不真、生滅無常。如是思惟，出息從口鼻因緣引之而有，入息因緣心動令生，而惑者不知以為我息。」

Therefore know that the causes and conditions for inhalations and exhalations are false and illusory; their coming into being and ceasing to be are impermanent. Contemplate just so. Exhalations are led-in by the causes and conditions of the nose and the mouth while the causes and conditions of the mind’s stirring produces inhalations. Confused individuals do not know and consider these "my breaths."

[0275a23] 息者是風，與外風無異，地、水、火、空亦復如是！是五大因緣合故生識，識亦如是，非我有也！五陰、十二入、十八持亦復如是！

Breath is air and no different than air outside; earth, water, fire, and space are just so too. The causes and conditions of the five elements combine and produce consciousness. The same with consciousness, in that is does not exist because of the self. The same goes for the Five Skandhas, the Twelve Entrances, and the Eighteen Upholdings too.

如是知之，逐息入息出，是以名隨。

Therefore know that the pursuit of inhalation and exhalation is called following.

[0275a27] 已得隨法當行止法。止法者，數隨心極，住意風門，念入出息。

Once you are familiar with the method of following, practice the method of stopping. Those who practice the method of stopping stops counting as the mind stills, attention is on the gates of the air as they are mindful of the in and out breath.

[0275a28] 問曰：「何以故止？」

Question (問曰): Why?

[0275a29] 答曰：「斷諸思覺故，心不散故。數隨息時，心不定、心多劇故；止則心閑少事故，心住一處故。」

Answer (答曰): To end thoughts and attentiveness so that the mind is not scattered. While following the breath and counting it, the mind is not stable because of the many disruptions to the mind. Quit counting and the mind is at leisure with little work; hence the mind is single-pointed while it is mindful of the in and out breath.

[0275b02] 念息出入，譬如守門人門邊住，觀人入出。止心亦爾！知息出時，從臍、心、胸、咽至口、鼻。息入時從口、鼻、咽、胸、心至臍。如是繫心一處，是名為止。

For example, a guard stands by the door and observes the comings and goings of people. The mind at a stop is the same: it knows when the breath is exhaled, going from the navel to the chest, throat, then the mouth and nose. When the breath is inhaled, it moves from the nose and mouth to the throat, chest, and then the navel. By fixing the mind on one place, it is called "stopping."

[0275b05] 復次心止法中住觀。入息時五陰生滅異，出息時五陰生滅異，如是心亂便除却，一心思惟令觀增長，是名為觀法。

Furthermore, residing in the method of stopping is contemplation. The coming into being and the ceasing to be of the Five Skandhas during inhalation is distinct; the coming into being and the ceasing to be of the Five Skandhas during exhalation is distinct. When the mind is scattered, the contemplation disappears. By contemplating singularly, contemplation grows, which is called the method of contemplation.

[0275b07] 捨風門住離麁觀法，離麁觀法知息無常，此名轉觀。觀五陰無常，亦念入息出息生滅無常。見初頭息無所從來，次觀後息亦無跡處，因緣合故有，因緣散故無，是名轉觀法。

By leaving behind the cruder method of contemplation and abandoning dwelling on the gates of the breath, you know that breaths are impermanent. This is called the Turning Contemplation. Contemplating that the Five Skandhas are impermanent, being mindful that the production and extinction of inhalations and exhalations are impermanent, seeing that the start of the first breath comes from nowhere, then contemplating that there is no trace after the breath in that breaths exist due to a combination of causes and conditions and disappear due to the dispersion of causes and conditions is called the method of Turning Contemplation.

[0275b11] 除滅五蓋及諸煩惱，雖先得止觀，煩惱不淨心雜，今此淨法心獨得清淨。復次，前觀異學相似行道念息入出，今無漏道相似行善有漏道，是謂清淨。

Eliminate the Five Coverings and all afflictions. Although you first become familiar with stopping and contemplating afflictions, impurities and a scattered mind, now the mind alone has become pure because of this Dharma of purity. Furthermore, the earlier and different studies of contemplation are similar to the path of being mindful of inhalations and exhalations, now the non-outflow path is similar to the path of outflow by practicing good deeds. This is considered purity.

復次，初觀身念止分，漸漸一切身念止，次行痛心念止，是中非清淨，無漏道遠故。今法念止中，觀十六行念入出息，得煖法、頂法、忍法、世間第一法，苦法忍乃至無學盡智，是名清淨。

Furthermore, thoughts stop while initially contemplating the body and gradually all thoughts about the body stop. Next, thoughts about the pains of practice stop. With this, the impure path of outflow is distant and thoughts abide in the Dharma now. Contemplate the 16 Practices while being mindful of the in and out breaths and acquire the dharmas of warmth, summit, patience, foremost in the world, patience with suffering and on up to comprehensive wisdom without learning. This is called purity.

[0275b19] 是十六分中，初入息分六種安那般那行，出息分亦如是！一心念息入出若長若短，譬如人怖走上山，若擔負重、若上氣，如是比是息短；若人極時得安息歡喜，又如得利、從獄中出，如是為息長。

The initial means of inhalation in the 16 Practices are the Six Ānāpāna Practices. It is the same with exhalation. Single-mindedly be mindful of the inhalations and exhalations whether long or short. For example, someone who is frightened climbs up a mountain. Perhaps he is carrying a heavy load or panting, so his breaths are relatively short. If he were to get some rest while under extreme pressure at that point, he would be happy; it is as if he got some help and was released from jail. So here his breath is long.

一切息隨二處：若長、若短處，是故言息長息短。是中亦行安那般那六事，念諸息遍身，亦念息出入，悉觀身中諸出息入息，覺知遍至身中乃至足指，遍諸毛孔如水入沙；息出覺知從足至髮，遍諸毛孔亦如水入沙。

All breaths belong to these two categories; they are either longer or shorter. Hence we talk about whether breaths are long or short. With them, we practice the six types of ānāpānasati. We are mindful of how all breaths pervade the body and the comings and goings of the breaths. We contemplate all inhalations and exhalations of the entire body. Our awareness and knowing cover the body from the toes to all the pores like water seeping into sand.

譬如 [夢-夕+棐] 囊入出皆滿，口鼻風入出亦爾！觀身周遍見風行處，如藕根孔亦如魚網。復次，非獨口鼻觀息入出，一切毛孔及九孔中，亦見息入息出。是故知息遍諸身，除諸身行，亦念入出息。

The awareness and knowing of exhalations cover all pores, from the feet to the hair, are like water seeping into sand too. Just as the bellow is full whether air is entering or exiting; air entering and exiting the nose and mouth are the same way. Contemplate the entire body and see that it is where the air travels throughout, just like holes to lotus roots or a fish net. Furthermore, the mind does not contemplate the in and out breaths of the mouth and nose alone, it also observes inhalations and exhalations throughout all hair pores and the nine apertures. Therefore we know that breaths pervade the body and circulate despite the physical body. Also, on being mindful of inhalations and exhalations.

[0275c03] 初學息時，若身懈怠、睡眠、體重，悉除棄之！身輕柔軟隨禪定心受喜，亦念息入出，除懈怠、睡眠、心重，得心輕柔軟，隨禪定心受喜。

When first starting to learn about breathing, if our bodies were lax, sleepy or heavy, we would abandon it completely. As our bodies become lighter and softer in dhyāna (Chan; 禅) samadhi, we are happy. Also, on being mindful of the breaths going in and out-- it eliminates laxness, sleepiness, and heaviness of the mind. It reaches a lightness in the mind and tenderness that are enjoyed depending on the type of dhyāna (Chan; 禅) samadhi.

[0275c06] 復次入息念止中竟，次行痛念止；已得身念止，實今更得痛念止，實受喜。復次已知身實相，今欲知心心數法實相，是故受喜，亦念息入出受樂；亦念息入出是喜，增長名為樂。復次初心中生悅是名喜，後遍身喜是名樂。

Furthermore, the joy of pain during First Dhyāna and Second Dhyāna are called delight while the joy of pain during Third Dhyāna is called feelings of joy that enjoy various activities of the mind. Also, in being mindful of the breath coming and going, all production and extinction dharmas of the mind, tainted or untainted dharmas of the mind, dharmas of a scattered or collected mind, proper or deviant dharmas of the mind and such marks of the mind are called the mind’s activities. When the mind is making delight, it first feels the delights of being mindful of inhalations and exhalations. Joy does not come forth on its own, rather, it is created by the mind; therefore it is about the making of delight.

復次初禪、二禪中樂痛名喜，三禪中樂痛名受樂。受諸心行，亦念息入出。諸心生滅法、心染法心不染法、心散法心攝法、心正法心邪法，如是等諸心相名為心行。心作喜時亦念息入出，先受喜，自生不？故作念心故作喜。

Furthermore, thoughts about inhalations stop; next, the pain of circulation stops because thoughts about the body stop. Now that we really do stop thoughts about pain, we are truly delighted. Furthermore, we already know the true marks of the body and now wish to know the true marks of the counting method in the mind; therefore we are delighted. Also, we love the joy from being mindful of inhalations and exhalations, and being mindful of inhalations and exhalations add to our delight, which is called joy. Furthermore, when the mind is pleased initially, it is called joy; later a delight pervades the entire body and is called joy.

[0275c16] 問曰：「何以故故作喜？」

Question (問曰): Why do we make delight on purpose?

[0275c16] 答曰：「欲治二種心：或散心、或攝心。如是作心得出煩惱，是故念法心作喜。」

Answer (答曰): As an antidote to two mindstates: either a mindstate that is scattered or collected.Just as the mind acts to transcend afflictions, the mind therefore creates joy with mindfulness.

[0275c18] 復次，若心不悅勸勉令喜，心作攝時亦念息入出，設心不定強伏令定。

Furthermore, if the mind is not pleased, encourage it to become more delighted. When the mind is being gathered, also be mindful of inhalations and exhalations. If the mind is not focused, force it to become focused.

如經中說：「心定是道，心散非道。」

Just as the Sutra says, "A focused mind is the path; a scattered mind is not the path."

心作解脫時亦念息入出，若意不解強伏令解。譬如羊入蒼耳，蒼耳著身，人為漸漸出之。心作解脫諸煩惱結，亦復如是！是名心念止作解脫。

When the mind is being liberated, also be mindful of inhalations and exhalations. If your thoughts are not free, force them to become free. For example, a sheep enters the bushes will be covered by those bushes. People transcend gradually. When the mind is freeing itself of all the knots of affliction, it is the same way. This is called the stopping of thought in developing liberation.

[0275c23] 觀無常亦念息入出，觀諸法無常、生滅、空、無吾我，生時諸法空生，滅時諸法空滅，是中無男、無女、無人、無作、無受，是名隨無常觀。

Contemplate impermanence also means being mindful of inhalations and exhalations. Contemplate all dharmas as impermanent; at the same time be mindful of inhalations and exhalations. Contemplate all dharmas as impermanent, production and extinction are empty and without a self. At the time of production, all dharmas are born out of emptiness; at the time of extinction, all dharmas cease in emptiness. There is no man, no woman, no person, no doing, and no receiving, which is called according with the Contemplation of Impermanence.

[0275c26] 觀有為法出散亦念息入出無常，是名出散。諸有為法現世中出，從過去因緣和合故集，因緣壞故散，如是隨觀，是名出散觀。

Contemplate the releasing and dispersing of conditioned dharmas while being mindful of the impermanence of inhalations and exhalations is called releasing and dispersing. All conditioned dharmas manifest and emerge in the present world due to a combination of past causes and conditions. They disperse because causes and conditions deteriorate. To contemplate in this way is called the Contemplation of Releasing and Dispersing.

[0275c29] 觀離欲結亦念息入出，心離諸結，是法第一，是名隨離欲觀。

Contemplate the parting of the knot of desire while being mindful of inhalations and exhalations. A mind apart from all mental knots is the foremost Dharma. This is called the Contemplation of According with the Parting of Desire.

[0276a01] 觀盡亦念息入出，諸結使苦在在處盡，是處安隱，是名隨盡觀。

As contemplation ends, also be mindful of inhalations and exhalations. All the suffering of mental knots and servants shall end there; that is the place of peace and stability. This is called the Contemplation of According with an End.

[0276a03] 觀棄捨亦念息入出，諸染愛煩惱身心五陰諸有為法棄捨，是第一安隱。如是觀是名隨法意止觀，是名十六分。

Contemplate abandonment while being mindful of inhalations and exhalations. Abandoning all tainted love, afflictions over the body and mind, the Five Skandhas, and all conditioned dharmas means foremost peace and stability. This contemplation is called According with the Stopping and Contemplating of Dharma Thoughts. These are called the 16 Practices.

V. 第五治等分法門 Ötödik: A különbözőség gyógyításának (治) Dharma gyakorlata (法門, dharmaparyāya)

[0276a07] 第五法門治等分行，及重罪人求索佛，如是人等當教一心念佛三昧。念佛三昧有三種人：或初習行、或已習行、或久習行。

The fifth practice cures actions that are divergent, covering people with heavy offenses who beseech the Buddha. These individuals are taught to focus on the Samadhi of being Mindful of the Buddha (一心, ekacitta 念佛三昧). Three types of individuals practice the Samadhi of being Mindful of the Buddha (念佛三昧): perhaps there are those who are starting to practice, perhaps there are those who have been practicing and perhaps there are those who have been practicing for a long time.

[0276a09] 若初習行人，將至佛像所，或教令自往諦觀佛像相好，相相明了，一心取持。還至靜處，心眼觀佛像，令意不轉，繫念在像，不令他念；他念攝之，令常在像。

If they were starting to practice, they should go to a Buddha image. Perhaps they should be taught to look at and contemplate the fine features of the Buddha image. Each feature is clear in their minds as they concentrate on absorbing them until they return to a quiet place. As their mind’s eye contemplates the Buddha image so that their thoughts do not turn, they focus on the image and reject other thoughts. Other thoughts are gathered-in so that the thoughts are always on the image.

若心不住，師當教言：「汝當責心：『由汝受罪，不可稱計，無際生死，種種苦惱，無不更受。若在地獄，吞飲洋銅，食燒鐵丸；若在畜生，食糞噉草；若在餓鬼，受飢餓苦；若在人中，貧窮困厄；若在天上，失欲憂惱。常隨汝故，令我受此種種身惱心惱、無量苦惱。今當制汝，汝當隨我。我今繫汝一處，我終不復為汝所困更受苦毒也。汝常困我，我今要當以事困汝。』」

If the mind does not abide, the master should teach them saying, "You should reprimand your mind: you have suffered incalculable offenses throughout boundless births and deaths and repeatedly face various forms of suffering without exception. If you were in the hells, you swallowed and drank liquid copper and ate burning iron pellets. If you were in the animal realm, you ate excrement and chewed grass. If you were among the hungry ghosts, you suffered starvation. If you were in the human realm, you experienced poverty and hardship. If you were in the heavens, you were sad and afflicted over the loss of desire. It is because you are always with me that I experience these physical and mental afflictions and endless suffering. I shall discipline you now. You will follow me. I will now tie you to one place; I will never again be trapped because of you and furthermore suffer hardship and venom. You always trap me, so now I shall trap you."

如是不已，心不散亂，是時便得心眼見佛像相光明，如眼所見無有異也。如是心住，是名初習行者思惟。

Do this continuously and the mind will not be scattered. At that time, the mind’s eye will see the light from the features of a Buddha image. They will be no different than what the flesh eyes see. Have the mind dwell like this is called the Beginners’ Contemplation.

[0276a23] 是時當更念言：「是誰像相？則是過去釋迦牟尼佛像相。如我今見佛形像，像亦不來我亦不往。」

At that time you should further think, "This is an image of whom? It is the features of the image of Shakyamuni Buddha in the past. Just as I see the Buddha image now, the image never came and I never went.

如是心想見過去佛，初降神時震動天地。有三十二相大人相：

In this way, think about seeing this past Buddha who made the universe quake when he first descended. The Buddha had 32 hallmarks of a great man (三十二相大人相):

一者、足下安平立。
二者、足下千輻輪。
三者、指長好。
四者、足跟廣。
五者、手足指合縵網。
六者、足趺高平好。
七者、伊尼延鹿 [蹲-酋+(十/田/ㄙ)]
八者、平住手過膝。
九者、陰馬藏相。
十者、尼俱盧陀身。
十一者、
一一孔一一毛生。
十二者、毛生上向而右旋。
十三者、身色勝上金。
十四者、身光面一丈。
十五者、皮薄好。
十六者、七處滿。
十七者、兩腋下平好。
十八者、上身如師子。
十九者、身大好端直。
二十者、肩圓好。
二十一者、四十齒。
二十二者、齒白齊密等而根深。
二十三者、四牙白而大。
二十四者、頰方如師子。
二十五者、味中得上味。
二十六者、舌大廣長而薄。
二十七者、梵音深遠。
二十八者、迦蘭頻伽聲。
二十九者、眼紺青色。
三十者、眼睫如牛王。
三十一者、頂髮肉骨成。
三十二者、眉間白毛長好右旋。

1. Well-supported and even soles.
2. Thousand-spoked wheels arise beneath the sole of the feet.
3. The fingers and toes are long.
4. The heels are projecting.
5. The hands and feet are net-like.
6. The ankles are raised high and evenly.
7. The lower part of the leg is like an antelope's.
8. The arms hang past below the knees when he is standing.
9. The genital is well-hidden.
10. A frame like Nyagrodha.
11. Single hairs arise, they to each pore.
12. The hair pointing upwards; dark, black in color, turning in rings to the right.
13. The skin shines like gold.
14. An aura the diameter of two meters around the body.
15. Skin that is thin and refined.
16. Seven parts of his body are full.
17. The areas below his armpits are even and fine.
18. The upper part of the body is lion-like.
19. A tall and straight body.
20. The shoulders are evenly rounded.
21. There are forty teeth.
22. There are no gaps between the teeth and their roots are deep.
23. The four canine teeth are crystal and rounded.
24. The jaw is lion-like.
25. The experience of the finest tastes when tasting.
26. A mighty tongue that is wide, long and thin.
27. The voice of Brahmā that is deep and far-reaching.
28. A voice like a kalavinka bird.
29. The eyes are very blue.
30. The eyelashes are like those of a cow.
31. The crown of his head protrudes with a cawl.
32. The white filament between the eyebrows is long, fine and circles to the right.

[0276b12] 復次八十種小相：

Furthermore, he had 80 secondary / small characteristics (八十種小相).

一者、無見頂。
二者、鼻直高好孔不現。
三者、眉如初生月紺琉璃色。
四者、耳好。
五者、身如那羅延。
六者、骨際如鉤鎖。
七者、身一時迴如象王。
八者、行時足去地四寸而印文現。
九者、爪如赤銅色薄而潤澤。
十者、膝圓好。
十一者、身淨潔。
十二者、身柔軟。
十三者、身不曲。
十四者、指長圓纖。
十五者、指紋如畫雜色莊嚴。
十六者、脈深不現。
十七者、踝深不現。
十八者、身潤光澤。
十九者、身自持不委陀。
二十者、身滿足(三月受胎二月生)。
二十一者、容儀備足。
二十二者、住處安(如牛王立不動)。
二十三者、威振一切。
二十四者、一切樂觀。
二十五者、面不長。
二十六者、正容貌不撓色。
二十七者、脣如頻婆果色。
二十八者、面圓滿。
二十九者、響聲深。
三十者、臍圓深不出。
三十一者、毛處處右旋。
三十二、者手足滿。
三十三者、手足如意(舊言內外握者是)。
三十四者、手足文明直。
三十五者、手文長。
三十六者、手文不斷。
三十七者、一切惡心眾生見者皆得和悅色。
三十八者、面廣姝。
三十九者、面如月。
四十者、眾生見者不怖不懼。
四十一者、毛孔出香風。
四十二者、口出香氣眾生遇者樂法七日。
四十三者、儀容如師子。
四十四者、進止如象王。
四十五者、行法如鵝王。
四十六者、頭如磨陀羅果(此果不圓不長)。
四十七者、聲分滿足(聲有六十種分，佛皆具足)。
四十八者、牙利。
四十九者、(無漢名故不得出也)。
五十者、舌大而赤。
五十一者、舌薄。
五十二者、毛純紅色色淨潔。
五十三者、廣長眼。
五十四者、孔門滿(九孔門相具足滿)。
五十五者、手足赤白如蓮華色。
五十六者、腹不見不出。
五十七者、不凸腹。
五十八者、不動身。
五十九者、身重。
六十者、大身。
六十一者、身長。
六十二者、手足滿淨。
六十三者、四邊遍大光，光明自照而行。
六十四者、等視眾生。
六十五者、不著教化不貪弟子。
六十六者、隨眾聲滿不減不過。
六十七者、隨眾音聲而為說法。
六十八者、語言無礙。
六十九者、次第相續說法。
七十者、一切眾生目不能諦視相知盡。
七十一者、視無厭足。
七十二者、髮長好。
七十三者、髮好。
七十四者、髮不亂。
七十五者、髮不破。
七十六者、髮柔軟。
七十七者、髮青毘琉璃色。
七十八者、髮絞上。
七十九者、髮不稀。
八十者、胸有德字手足有吉字。

1. The crown of his head cannot be seen.
2. His nose is straight and tall and his nostrils are not overtly visible.
3. His eye brows are like the new moon and the color of blue lapis lazuli.
4. His ears are fine.
5. His body is like Nārāyaṇa.
6. His joints are like hooks.
7. He turns about like that of a king-elephant.
8. He walks four inches off the ground while leaving imprints on the ground.
9. His fingernails and toenails are thin and shone with a rosy tint.
10. His knees have no protruding kneecaps.
11. His body is free of impurities.
12. His body is soft.
13. His body is not crooked.
14. His fingernails and toenails are smooth and rounded without ridges.
15. His fingerprints and toe prints are like adorned drawings of various colors.
16. His veins are deep and not readily visible.
17. His ankles are deep and not readily visible.
18. His body is always radiant.
19. His body is always refreshed and never wilts.
20. His body is filled out (conceived in March and born in February).
21. He is dignified.
22. He is at peace while standing (standing unmoved like a royal ox).
23. His might shakes up everything.
24. All enjoy beholding him.
25. His face is not long.
26. His appearance is upright and not seductive.
27. His lips are the color of apples.
28. His face is full.
29. His voice is deep.
30. His navel is round, deep, and not protruding.
31. His hair swirls to the right.
32. His hands and feet and full.
33. His hands and feet are auspicious (previous versions say they can grasp inwardly and outwardly).
34. The lines in his palms and on his soles are clear and straight.
35. The lines in his palms are long.
36. The lines in his palms are continuous.
37. All evil beings are delighted at the sight of him.
38. His face is large and handsome.
39. His face is like a moon.
40. Beings are not frightened by the sight of him.
41. His pores emit a fragrance.
42. His mouth emits a fragrance.
43. He has the demeanor of a lion.
44. He has a beautiful gait, like that of a king-elephant.
45. He has a beautiful gait, like that of a swan.
46. His head is like a Maṇḍala fruit (this fruit is neither round nor long).
47. His voice contains a full range (the Buddha is replete with 60 types of voice).
48. His teeth are sharp.
49. (Nothing named here because there are no Chinese terms for this).
50. His tongue is large and red.
51. His tongue is thin.
52. His body hair is an immaculate color of pure red.
53. His eyes are long and wide.
54. His apertures are full (he is replete with the marks of the nine apertures).
55. His hands and feet are rosy like the color of lotuses.
56. His stomach is not readily seen and does not protrude.
57. His stomach is not convex.
58. His body is still.
59. His body is heavy.
60. His body is large.
61. His body is long.
62. His hands and feet are full and clean.
63. He has a brilliant aura around him, which shines on him while he walks.
64. He is impartial toward sentient beings.
65. He is not attached to teaching and is not greedy for disciples.
66. His voice reaches the entire audience without deficient or excess.
67. He speaks the Dharma with a voice that accords with the audience.
68. He is not hindered by language.
69. He speaks the Dharma continuously and sequentially.
70. All beings who behold him cannot know him completely by sight.
71. Beings never tire of seeing him.
72. His hair is long.
73. His hair is fine.
74. His hair is neat.
75. His hair does not split.
76. His hair is soft.
77. His hair is the color of dark lapis lazuli.
78. His hair curls upward.
79. He has a full head of hair.
80. He has the character of virtue on his chest and the character of auspiciousness on his hands and feet, the light of which shines upon infinite worlds.

[0276c25] 光明徹照無量世界，初生行七步，發口演要言，出家勤苦行，菩提樹下，降伏魔軍，後夜初明，成等正覺，光相分明，遠照十方，靡不周遍，諸天空中，弦歌供養，散華雨香，一切眾生，咸敬無量，獨步三界，還顧轉身，如象王迴，觀視道樹，初轉法輪，天人得悟，以道自證得至涅槃。

Upon birth, he walked seven steps and uttered important words. He left the homelife, diligently practiced asceticism and tamed the demon army beneath the Bodhi Tree. In the latter part of the night when dawn first arrived, he realized Equal and Proper Enlightenment. His luminous features were clear and shone far throughout the ten directions without exception. Across the sky, music were sung and played as offerings, flowers rained down like a fragrant downpour. All beings were infinitely reverent. He traveled the Triple Realm alone and turned to glance like a king-elephant. He beheld the tree of enlightenment as he first turned the Dharma wheel. Celestial beings awoke and certified to the path and reached nirvana.

[0277a02] 佛身如是，感發無量，專心念佛，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。如是不亂，是時便得見一佛、二佛乃至十方無量世界諸佛色身，以心想故皆得見之，既得見佛又聞說法言。或自請問，佛為說法解諸疑網。既得佛念，當復念佛功德法身，無量大慧，無崖底智，不可計德。多陀阿伽度 (多陀秦言如。阿伽度言解，亦言實語，又言諸餘聖人安隱道來佛如是來；復次更不來後有中也) 　阿犁 (魯迷反) 呵 (阿犁秦言賊。呵言殺。佛以忍辱為鎧、精進為堅牢、禪定為弓、智慧為箭，殺憍慢等賊，故名殺賊) 　三藐 (無灼反) 三佛陀(三藐秦言真實。三佛陀言一切覺。覺苦因習、涅槃因道，正解見四實不可轉，了盡無餘，故言真實覺一切 (　鞞伽(除夜反) 遮羅那 (鞞伽秦言明。遮羅那言善行。明三明也，行清淨之行，以之獨成無師大覺，故言明善行也) 三般那 (秦言滿成) 宿伽陀 (秦言善解，亦名善自得，又言善說無患) 　路伽憊 (皮拜反) (路伽秦言智。智者知世因知盡道，故名世智。世智知世也) 　阿耨多羅 (秦言無上。善法聖智示導一切，大德無量，梵魔眾聖莫有及者，何況能過佛尊德大？故言無上) 　富樓沙曇藐 (富樓沙秦言大丈夫。曇藐言可言、可化丈夫、調御師。佛以大慈大悲大智故，有時軟美語、有時苦切語，或以親教，以此調御令不失道，故名佛為可化丈夫、調御師法也) 　舍 (賒音) 多 (都餓反)提婆魔 [少/兔]舍喃(奴甘反) (秦言天人師。盡能解脫一切人煩惱，常住不退上法) 　佛婆伽婆 (過去未來現在，行不行知行盡不盡，一切諸法菩提樹下一切了了知，故名佛婆伽婆。言：有大名聲。復次婆名女根。婆名吐。永棄女根，故女根吐也) 。

The physical Buddha in this way inspired countlessly many beings so they focused on being mindful of the Buddha and not think about any external conditions. When their thoughts condition the externals, they are gathered-in. This way, thoughts do not become scattered; hence at that time, beings see one Buddha, two Buddhas, and even all physical bodies of Buddhas in endless worlds throughout the ten directions. As long as they wished, they will see them. Since they see the Buddhas and hear them speak the Dharma, they may ask questions so that the Buddha speaks the Dharma to unravel their nets of doubt. Having acquired the method of being mindful of the Buddha, you shall furthermore be mindful of the meritorious Dharma body of the Buddha with infinite great wisdom, bottomless knowledge, and an incalculable quantity of virtue.

[0277a21] 爾時，復念二佛神德，三四五佛乃至無量盡虛空界，皆悉如是。復還見一佛，能見一佛作十方佛，能見十方佛作一佛。能令一色作金、銀、水精、毘琉璃色，隨人意樂悉令見之。

At that time, be mindful furthermore of the spiritual virtues of the two Buddhas, three, four, five Buddhas and even infinite of them throughout space and the realms too. Next, return to seeing one Buddha. Be able to see one Buddha as Buddhas throughout the ten directions; be able to see Buddhas throughout the ten directions as one Buddha. Just as individuals can perceive one color as the colors gold, silver, crystal, and lapis lazuli according to their individual pleasure.

[0277a24] 爾時惟觀二事：虛空佛身及佛功德，更無異念，心得自在意不馳散，是時得成念佛三昧。

At that time, contemplate only two things: the body of the Buddha in space and the merits and virtues of the Buddha. Have no other thoughts. At the time when the mind is at ease and thoughts do not roam and become scattered, you will realize the Samadhi of being Mindful of the Buddha.

[0277a26] 若心馳散念在五塵，若在六覺者，當自勗勉剋勵其心，強制伏之！如是思惟人身難得、佛法難遇，故曰：「眾明日為最、諸智佛為最。」所以者何？

If the mind wanders and thoughts are on the five sense objects or the six types of attentivenesses, then you should encourage and exhort yourself to discipline your mind. Contemplate then, that the human body is difficult to acquire and the Buddhadharma is difficult to encounter; therefore, it is said that the sun is brightest among all lights and the wisdom of the Buddha is the foremost among all wisdom. Why?

佛興大悲，常為一切故，頭目髓腦救濟眾生，何可放心不專念佛而孤負重恩？若佛不出世，則無人道、天道、涅槃之道；若人香華供養，以骨、肉、血、髓起塔供養，未若行人以法供養得至涅槃。雖然猶負佛恩，設當念佛空無所獲，猶應勤心專念不忘，以報佛恩，何況念佛得諸三昧智慧成佛，而不專念？

The Buddha is extremely compassionate for the sake of all, saving beings with his head, eyes, marrow and brain. How can you be lax with your mind and not concentrate on being mindful of the Buddha and disappoint their tremendous grace? Had the Buddha not emerged in the world, there would be no human path, the path of devas or path to nirvana. If someone were to offer scented flowers or offer their bones, flesh, blood, and marrow to construct stupas, he cannot compare to a practitioner who offers the Dharma so that others reach nirvana, though that would still leave him owing the Buddha. Even if you reap nothing from being mindful of the Buddha, you should nevertheless be diligent and focused, never forgetting to repay the kindness of the Buddha. How can being mindful of the Buddha allow you to reach all the samadhis and wisdom of Buddhahood without concentration?

[0277b07] 是故行者常當專心令意不散，既得見佛請質所疑，是名念佛三昧。除滅等分及餘重罪。

[0279c19] 云何為少信？於佛、菩薩、辟支佛、阿羅漢邊為少，於野人邊為多；復次，此可破可失，是故名少。

Just as the Dharmapada says:

如《法句》說：

What does it mean by little faith? It is a little among the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Pratyekabuddhas and arhats, but a lot among wild men. Furthermore, it can shatter or be lost, therefore called little.

「芭蕉生實死，　　竹生實亦然！
　騾有子則死，　　小人得養死。
　破失非利故，　　小人得名譽；
　白淨分失盡，　　乃至頂法墮。」

Bananas are produced but really are dead; The spouting of bamboo is in truth the same.
A mule, once with offspring, dies; A petty man, with material support, dies.
Shattered and lost, it is no gain. A petty man wins fame
But his purity completely lost, To the point that he plummets from the Dharma summit.

[0279c26] 復次，未斷諸結使，未得無漏無量慧心，以是故名少。

Furthermore, for those who have not yet ended their various mental knots and servants and not yet acquired the infinite wisdom devoid of outflow,

[faith] is therefore considered "little."

[0279c27] 復次。懃精進一心入涅槃道中，更了了觀五陰、四諦十六行。是時，心不縮不悔不退，愛樂入忍，是名忍善根。忍何等？隨四諦觀行，是名為忍。是善根三種：上、中、下三時。

Diligently focus on entering the path of nirvana and understand and contemplate the Five Skandhas, the Four Noble Truths and the 16 Practices further. At that time, do not shirk back, do not regret and do not retreat. Happily entering patience is called Having the Good roots for Patience. To what is patience equivalent? It accords with the practices of the Four Noble Truths, therefore called patience. The three types of good roots include the superior, average, and inferior ones during the three periods of time.

[0280a01] 云何名忍？觀五陰無常、苦、空、無我，心忍不退，是名忍。

What is patience? Contemplating the Five Skandhas as being impermanent, without a self, full of suffering and empty, the mind is patient and does not retreat, hence called patience.

[0280a03] 復次，觀諸世間盡苦空無有樂，是苦因習愛等諸煩惱，是習智緣盡，是名上法，更無有上。八直道能令行人得至涅槃，更無有上。如是信心不悔不疑，忍是名忍。是中更有忍，種種結使、種種煩惱疑悔，來入心中不能令破，譬如石山種種風水不能漂動，是故名忍，是事得名真好野人。

Furthermore, contemplate the entire world as full of suffering and devoid of bliss. It is full of suffering because habits, love and other afflictions. The end to the conditions of habits and knowledge is called the supreme Dharma, there is none more superior. The Eightfold Proper Path can ensure that practitioners reach nirvana, and there is nothing more supreme. This kind of faith in being patient with no regrets and no doubts is called patience. There is further patience in their midst. Various mental knots and servants, various afflictions, doubts and regrets enter their minds and yet cannot break

[their faith] . For instance, a mountain of boulders cannot float on or be moved by wind and water; this is therefore called patience. This situation earns practitioners the name true and good wild men.

如佛說《法句》中：

Just as the Buddha says so in the Dharmapada:

「世界正見上，　　誰有得多者？
　乃至千萬歲，　　終不墮惡道。」

Among the proper views in the world, Has anyone who acquired many,
For millions of millennia even But never fall into evil realms?

[0280a12] 是世間正見，是名為忍善根。

Proper views in the world are called the goods roots of patience.

[0280a12] 是人多增進，一心極厭世界行，欲了了四諦相，作證趣涅槃，如是一心中，是名世間第一法。

People who make frequent progress in being single-minded are extremely weary of the activities in the world. Wishing to understand the features of the Four Noble Truths, they vow to head toward nirvana, this kind of focus is called the foremost Dharma in the world.

一時住四行：無常、苦、空、無我，觀一諦，苦法忍共緣故。何以故？

Abiding in the impermanence of the Four Conducts and the absence of the self in suffering and emptiness simultaneously, contemplate the single truth of suffering and be patient with the shared conditions. Why?

觀欲界五受陰，無常、苦、空、無我，是中心忍入慧，亦是相應心心數法，是名苦法忍。 身業、口業及心不相應諸行，現在未來世一切無漏法初門，是名苦法忍 (法無漏法忍信受也)。

Why contemplate the five feeling skandhas of the Desire Realm as impermanent and that suffering and emptiness are without a self? Being patient in their midst is to enter wisdom. This is called the Patience with the Dharma of Suffering (the dharma is a dharma of non-outflow where practitioners are patient and faithful with regard to feelings).

[0280a19] 次第生苦法智。苦法忍斷結使，苦法智作證。譬如一人刈，一人束，亦如利刀斫竹得風即偃，忍智功夫故，是事得辦。欲界繫見苦，斷十結得得，爾時異等智得，無漏智未得，無漏慧得。是時成就一智(等智未來成就)，第二心中成就法智、苦智等智，過第三心、第四心成就四智：苦智、法智、比智、等智。

Next the wisdom from the dharma of suffering and the patience with the dharma of suffering eliminates the suffering of mental knots and servants, and certifies to the wisdom of the Dharma. Just as an individual axes a bundle of crop and just as a sharp knife slices bamboo, bend when the wind blows is the skill and the wisdom of patience. This phenomenon can manage the end to suffering and entanglements by views in the Desire Realm; hence the ten mental knots end. At that time, practitioners acquire unique and impartial wisdom though they have not yet acquired the wisdom of non-outflow. When the wisdom of non-outflow is acquired, the number one wisdom (impartial wisdom that is realized in the future) is accomplished at that time. Secondly, the wisdom of the Dharma, the wisdom of suffering, and impartial wisdom are realized in the mind. Beyond the third and the fourth mindstates, practitioners realize the Four Forms of Wisdom: the wisdom of suffering, the wisdom of the Dharma, relative wisdom and impartial wisdom.

習、盡、道法智中，一一智增，離欲人知他心智成就增；苦比忍、苦比智斷十八結，是四心苦諦能得。

By practicing these forms of wisdom exhaustively along the path, each aspect of wisdom strengthens. Those who have parted with desire strengthen the realization of the knowledge of others’ minds. The suffering of relative forbearance and suffering of relative knowledge end the 18 Knots, which allow practitioners to acquire the truth of the suffering of the Four Mindstates.

習法忍、習法智斷欲界繫七結；習比忍、習比智斷色、無色界繫十三結。

!!!

盡法忍、盡法智斷欲界繫七結；盡比忍、盡比智斷色、無色界繫十二結。

Practices of patience with the Dharma and the wisdom of the Dharma end the Seven Mental Knots that entangle us in the Desire Realm and the Twelve Mental Knots that entangle us in the Formless Realm.

道法忍、道法智斷欲界繫八結；道比忍、道比智斷色、無色界繫十四結。

The path of patience with the Dharma and the path of knowledge of the Dharma end the Eight Mental Knots that entangle us in the Desire Realm. The path of relative patience and the path of relative knowledge end the 14 Mental Knots that entangle us in the Form and Formless Realms.

道比智是名須陀般那(下子上子)，實知諸法相。

The path of relative knowledge is called srotapānna (下子上子), those who truly know all marks of the Dharma.

[0280b05] 是十六心能，十五心中利根名隨法行，鈍根名隨信行。是二人未離欲，名初果向。

The 16 Mindstates enable the sharp sense faculties in the 15 mindstates; this is called the Practicing in Accord with the Dharma. Dull sense faculties are called Practicing in Accord with Faith. Secondly, for those who have not parted with desire, they are called those at the level of the First Fruition.

先未斷結，得十六心，名須陀般那。若先斷六品結，得十六心，名息忌陀伽迷(秦言一來)。

They have acquired the 16 Mindstates; they are called srotapānnas. For those who have ended the Six Grades of Mental Knots and acquired the 16 Mindstates, they are called sakṛdāgāmins (meaning "once-returner").

若先斷九品結，得十六心，名阿那迦迷(秦言不來)。先未離欲，斷八十八結故，名須陀般那；復次無漏果善根得得，故名須陀般那。

Those who have first severed the nine grades of mental knots and acquired the 16 Mindstates are called anāgāmins (meaning "none-returner"). For those who have not parted with desire but have ended their 88 Mental Knots, they are called srotapānnas. Furthermore, since they have the good roots to enjoy the result of non-outflow, they are therefore called srotapānnas.

利根名見得，鈍根名信愛。思惟結未斷，餘殘七世生，若思惟結三種斷，名家家三世生。

Those with sharp sense faculties are called those who acquire views; those with dull sense faculties are called those who love faith. Their mental knots of thinking have not yet ended and they shall become reborn for yet another seven lifetimes. If the three types of mental knots end, then they will become reborn in a family for three lifetimes.

聖道八分、三十七品名流，流向涅槃，隨是流行，故名須陀般那，是為佛初功德子。惡道得脫，三結斷，三毒薄，名息忌陀伽迷。復次欲界結九種(上上、上中、上下、中上、中中、中下、下上、下中、下下)，見諦斷、思惟斷。

The Eightfold Proper Path and the 37 Means are streams that lead us to nirvana. Those who follow this stream are srotapānnas. They are disciples of the Buddha who have an initial amount of merit and will escape the evil realms. Those whose three mental knots have ended and three poisons have thinned are called sakṛdāgāmins. Furthermore, there are nine types of knots in the Desire. Their views of the truth have severed and their thoughts have ended.

[0280b17] 若凡夫人，先以有漏道，斷欲界繫六種結，入見諦道十六心中，得名息忌陀伽迷。

If ordinary individuals were to use methods of outflow to first end the Six Types of Mental Knots that entangle us in the Desire Realm, they will enter the path of seeing the truth. They acquire the 16 Mindstates and are called sakṛdāgāmins.

若八種斷，入見諦道第十六心中，一種名息忌陀伽迷果向呵那伽迷。

[0280b21] 若佛弟子得須陀般那，單斷三結，欲得息忌陀伽迷，是思惟斷欲界繫九種結、六種斷，是名息忌陀伽迷八種斷；是名一種息忌陀伽迷果向阿那伽迷。

[0280b24] 若凡夫人先斷欲界繫九種結，入見諦道第十六心中，名阿那伽迷；若得息忌陀伽迷進，斷三種思惟結，第九解脫道，名阿那伽迷。

[0280b27] 阿那伽迷有九種：今世必入涅槃阿那伽迷，中陰入涅槃阿那伽迷，生已入涅槃阿那伽迷，懃求入涅槃阿那伽迷，不懃求入涅槃阿那伽迷，上行入涅槃阿那伽迷，至阿迦尼吒入涅槃阿那伽迷，到無色定入涅槃阿那伽迷，身證阿那伽迷行向阿羅漢阿那伽迷。

There are nine types of anāgāmins: anāgāmins who will definitely enter nirvana in this lifetime; anāgāmins who will enter nirvana during mid-skandha body; anāgāmins who became born though they have already entered nirvana; anāgāmins who diligently seek to enter nirvana; anāgāmins who do not diligently seek to enter nirvana; anāgāmins who enter nirvana with supreme practice; anāgāmins who enter nirvana in the Akaniṣṭha Heaven; anāgāmins who enter nirvana in Formless Samadhi; anāgāmins who become certified in their very bodies; and anāgāmins who are aiming for arhatship.

色、無色界九種結，以第九無礙道金剛三昧破一切結，第九解脫道盡智修一切善根，是名阿羅漢果。

There are nine types of mental knots in the Form and Formless Realms. All mental knots are shattered with the Vajra Samadhi of the Ninth Unobstructed Way. The ninth path of liberation applies all wisdom to cultivating all roots of goodness. This is called arhatship.

[0280c06] 是阿羅漢有九種：退法、不退法、死法、守法、住法、必知法、不壞法、慧脫、共脫。

There are nine types of arhats: Those who retreat from the Dharma, those who do not retreat from the Dharma, those of the Dharma of death, those who guard the Dharma, those who abide in the Dharma, those who must know the Dharma, those who embody indestructible Dharma, those who are liberated based on wisdom, those who are liberated in total, those who are immersed in knowledge, those who are immersed in progress.

濡智濡進行五種法退，是名退法。

Those who retreat from the Dharma are given that name because they practice the Five Dharmas of Retreat.

利智利進行五種法不退，是名不退法。

Those who do not retreat from the Dharma are given that name because with sharp knowledge and sharp progress they practice the Five Dharmas of non-Retreat.

濡智濡進利，厭思惟自殺身，是名死法。

Those of the Dharma of death are given that name because with immersed knowledge and immersed progress, they come to detest gain and contemplate suicide.

濡智大進自護身，是名守法。

Those who guard the Dharma are given that name because with immersed knowledge and great progress, they protect themselves.

中智中進、不增不減處中而住，是名住法。

Those who abide in the Dharma are given that name because with average knowledge and average progress, they abide at a level where they neither advance nor regress.

少利智懃精進，能得不壞心解脫，是名必知法。

Those who must know the Dharma are given that name because with little gain, knowledge, diligence and vigor, they are able to reach indestructible liberation in the mind.

利智大進，初得不壞心解脫，是名不壞法。

Those who embody indestructible Dharma are given that name because with sharp knowledge, great progress, they reach the initial stage of the indestructible liberation in the mind.

不能入諸禪，未到地中諸漏盡，是名慧解脫。

Those who are liberated based on wisdom are given that name because they have not been able to enter the various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) stages and not yet ended all outflows in varying degrees.

得諸禪亦得滅禪諸漏盡，是名共解脫。

Those who are liberated in total are given that name because they have reached the various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) stages and have ended all outflows in varying degrees.

[0280c16] 有阿羅漢，一切有為法常厭滿足，更不求功德，待時入涅槃。

Those who are liberated based on wisdom are given that name because they have not been able to enter the various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) stages and not yet ended all outflows in varying degrees.

有阿羅漢，求四禪、四無色定、四等心、八解脫、八勝處、十一切、入九次第、六神通，

Some arhats seek the Four Dhyāna Stages, the Four Formless Samadhis, the Four Impartial Mindstates, the Eight Forms of Liberation, the Eight Superior Stages, the Eleven Interjections, the Nine Sequences, and the sixth spiritual power.

願智阿蘭若那三昧

Their wish for the wisdom of aranya samadhi

(秦言無諍。阿蘭若言無事，或言空寂。舊言須菩提常行空寂，行非也，自是無諍行耳！無諍者將護眾生，不令起諍，於我耳起諍，如舍利弗、目連夜入陶屋中宿，致拘迦離起諍者是也)，

(the Chinese refer to this as the aranya without contention, which is called without doing, or empty and still. The earlier edition says that Subhuti always practices emptiness and stillness; hence he is naturally without contention. Someone who practices non-contention shall protect sentient beings so they do not fight. An example of fighting was the case of Śāriputra and Mahāmaudgalyāyana entering the pottery house where Kauṣṭhila slept and a battle ensued).

超越三昧熏禪三解脫門及放捨

They have transcended the samadhi derived from being permeated in the Three Liberation Doors of Dhyāna and the letting go of them

(放捨者，三脫門，空、無願、無相。空無願無相，即十二門念，反著者也)，

(Letting go of the Three Liberation Doors, being empty of vows and marks. Being empty of vows and marks means becoming attached to the mindfulness of the Twelve Doors in reverse).

更作利智懃精進，入如是諸禪功德，是名得不退法、不壞法。

With further sharpened sense faculties and diligent vigor, they enter various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) merits. This is called the acquiring of the Non-retreating Dharma and the Indestructible Dharma.

[0280c24] 若佛不出世，無佛法無弟子時，是時離欲人辟支佛出。

In times when there were no Buddhas in the world, no Buddhadharma, and no disciples of the Buddha, those who have parted without desire emerge as Pratyekabuddhas.

辟支佛有三種：上、中、下。

There are three types of Pratyekabuddhas: superior, average and inferior.

下者本得須陀般那、若息忌陀伽迷。是須陀般那於第七世生人中，是時無佛法，不得作弟子；復不應八世生，是時作辟支佛。

Those of the inferior type are already srotapānnas. They will become sakṛdāgāmins in their seventh lifetime as human beings. At a time when there is no Buddhadharma, they will not get to be disciples; furthermore, they should not undergo an eighth lifetime. They become Pratyekabuddhas then.

若息忌陀伽迷二世生，是時無佛法，不得作弟子；復不應三世生，是時作辟支佛。

Were sakṛdāgāmins to become born for a second lifetime when there is no Buddhadharma, they would not be able to be disciples; furthermore they should not undergo a third lifetime. They become Pratyekabuddhas then.

有人願作辟支佛，種辟支佛善根，時無佛法，善根熟，爾時厭世出家得道，名辟支佛，是名中辟支佛。

Some people wish to become Pratyekabuddhas. While they are planting roots of goodness for becoming Pratyekabuddhas, their roots of goodness ripen but there is no Buddhadharma. At that time, they become weary of the world and leave the homelife to attain the way; they are called Pratyekabuddhas. These are called average Pratyekabuddhas.

有人求佛道，智力進力少，以因緣退(如舍利弗是也)，是時佛不出世，無佛法亦無弟子，而善根行熟，作辟支佛，有相好若少若多，厭世出家得道，是名上辟支佛。

Some people seek Buddhahood but due to conditions and little wisdom and vigor, they retreat (such as Śāriputra). In times when there are no Buddhas in the world, no Buddhadharma, and no disciples of the Buddha, those whose good roots and conducts have matured become Pratyekabuddhas with many or few fine features. Weary of the world, they leave the homelife to attain the way; they are called superior Pratyekabuddhas.

[0281a07] 於諸法中智慧淺入，名阿羅漢；中入名辟支佛；深入名佛。

Entering wisdom lightly with regard to all dharmas, they are called arhats; understanding wisdom to an average extent, they are called Pratyekabuddhas; entering wisdom deeply, they are called Buddhas.

如遙見樹，不能分別枝；小近能分別枝，不能分別華、葉；到樹下盡能分別知樹枝、葉、華、實。

聲聞能知一切諸行無常，一切諸法無主，唯涅槃善安隱。聲聞能如是觀，不能分別深入深知；辟支佛少能分別，亦不能深入深知；佛知諸法分別究暢，深入深知也。

Just as we cannot tell the difference among the branches in looking at a tree from a distance; closer in, we can tell the difference in the branches. Though we cannot tell the difference between flowers and leaves, we can completely tell apart the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits from beneath the tree. Sound Hearers can know all conducts are impermanent, all dharmas are without a host and that only nirvana is good and peaceful. Sound Hearers can contemplate in this way but cannot differentiate or know in depth. Pratyekabuddhas can differentiate slightly, but they cannot enter and know in depth either. The Buddhas know all dharmas and are able to differentiate thoroughly and effortlessly, entering and knowing in depth.

[0281a14] 如波羅奈國王，夏暑熱時處高樓上坐七寶床，令青衣磨牛頭栴檀香塗身，青衣臂多著釧，摩王身時釧聲滿耳，王甚患之！教次第令脫，釧少聲微，唯獨一釧寂然無聲。

For instance, King Varanasi was sitting on a bed made of seven kinds of gems up on a tower during the heat of the summer, he ordered a young servant to rub ox head chandana incense on him. The young servant wore a lot of bracelets on her arms and the constant jingling of the bangles bothered the king when he was being rubbed. She was ordered to take the bracelets off one by one so the noise decreased until there was only one bracelet left, then it was complete silence.

王時悟曰：「國家、臣民、宮人、婇女，多事多惱亦復如是！」

The king realized and uttered, "The ministers and citizens of this country and the staff and maids here are similarly busy and frequently bothered."

即時離欲獨處思惟，得辟支佛。鬚髮自落、著自然衣，從樓閣去，以己神足力出家入山。如是因緣，中品辟支佛也。

At that time, he left desire and while contemplating alone, he became a Pratyekabuddha. Hair fell off of his head; robes donned him naturally. He left the towering pavilion, and with his supernatural ability to travel, he left the householders’ life and entered the mountains. These are the causes and conditions for an average Pratyekabuddha.

[0281a22] 若行者求佛道入禪，先當繫心專念十方三世諸佛生身，莫念地水火風、山樹草木、天地之中有形之類，及諸餘法一切莫念。但念諸佛生身處在虛空，譬如大海清水中央金山王須彌；如夜闇中然大火；如大施祠中七寶幢。

For practitioners interested in Buddhahood, when they meditate (Chan / Dhyana), they should first focus their minds on the physical bodies of all Buddhas throughout the ten directions in the three periods of time. Do not focus on earth, water, fire, wind, mountains, trees, grass or plants. Do not think about any form in the universe and other things in the universe. Just focus on all the physical bodies of the Buddhas in the air. For example, in the middle of a clear sea stands the golden king of mountains, Mt. Sumeru. Like a huge fire blazing in the dark of the night or like a banner of seven jewels in the temple of great charity.

佛身如是，有三十二相、八十種好，常出無量清淨光明，於虛空相青色中，常念佛身相如是，行者便得十方三世諸佛悉在心目前一切悉見三昧。

The Buddhas’ bodies are the same. They consist of 32 hallmarks and 80 subsidiary characteristics, always emitting infinite lights of purity in the blue sky. Always mindful of the features of Buddhas’ bodies in this way, practitioners will reach the Samadhi of Seeing Everything where all Buddhas throughout the three periods of time and in the ten directions are before their mind’s eye.

若心餘處緣，還攝令住念在佛身，是時便見東方三百千萬千萬億種無量諸佛。如是南方、西方、北方、四維、上下，隨所念方，見一切佛。如人夜觀星宿，百千無量種星宿悉見。

If the mind is somewhere else, gently pull it back so that it is mindful of the bodies of the Buddhas. At that time, they will then see 300,000 zillion kinds of Buddhas infinitely. It is the same for the directions south, west, and north, the four corners, zenith and nadir. They will see all Buddhas depending on the direction of their focus, like someone who watches the constellations in the night sky, millions of stars of infinite kinds are all seen.

[0281b05] 菩薩得是三昧，除無量劫厚罪令薄、薄者令滅。

When the Bodhisattvas acquire samadhi, thick layers of offense throughout infinite eons become thin and thin layers of offense disappear.

得是三昧已，當念佛種種無量功德，一切智、一切解、一切見、一切德，得大慈大悲自在，自初出無明

[穀-禾+卵] ，四無畏、五眼、十力、十八不共法，能除無量苦，救老死畏，與常樂涅槃。

Having reached this samadhi, they shall be mindful of the Buddhas’ assortment of infinite merit, all wisdom, all understanding, all views, and all virtue. They then attain great kindness, great compassion and ease. Ignorance is on its initial way out. The Four Fearlessnesses, the Five Eyes, the Ten Powers, the 18 Unique Dharmas can eliminate boundless sufferings and rescue beings who are aging, dying, or in fear so that they enjoy nirvana that is constant and blissful.

佛有如是等種種無量功德，作是念已自發願言：「我何時當得佛身、佛功德，巍巍如是？」復作大誓：「過去一切福、現在一切福，盡持求佛道，不用餘報。」

The Buddhas possess these various types of infinite merit, so we think to ourselves and wish, "When will I acquire the mightily meritorious body of a Buddha?" Furthermore, making this great vow, "May all my blessings from the past and present be directed to the pursuit of Buddhahood. No other retribution is necessary."

復作是念：「一切眾生甚可憐愍，諸佛身功德巍巍如是，眾生云何更求餘業而不求佛？」

Furthermore, to think, "All beings are so sad. The merits and virtues of all bodies of Buddhas are awesome, why would sentient beings seek any other karma and not Buddhahood?

譬如貴家盲子墮大深坑，飢窮困苦食糞食泥。父甚愍之，為求方便，拯之於深坑，食之以上饌。

For example, the blind son of an elite family falls into a large and deep pit; he suffers from hunger, poverty, and hardship. He eats excrement and mud. His father pities him and with expedients, rescues him out of the deep pit and feed him superior delicacy."

行者念言：「佛二種身功德甘露如是，而諸眾生墮生死深坑，食諸不淨。以大悲心，我當拯濟一切眾生，令得佛道度生死岸，以佛種種功德法味悉令飽滿，一切佛法願悉得之。聞誦持問、觀行得果，為作階梯，立大要誓被三願鎧，外破魔眾內擊結賊，直入不迴。如是三願比無量諸願，願皆住之，為度眾生得佛道故。」

Practitioners think, "The sweet dew-like merits and virtues of the two types of bodies of a Buddha are the same way. Whereas all beings fall into the deep pit of birth and death and eat all kinds of impurities; with great compassion I shall rescue all beings so they realize Buddhahood and reach the other shore of birth and death. May I make them full with the flavor of Dharma based on the Buddhas’ various merits and virtues. May they acquire all Buddhadharmas. May they use listening, reciting, upholding, inquiring, contemplating and conduct as their ladder in reaching for fruitions. May they make key oaths and wear three shields of vows. May they shatter the demonic multitudes outside and attack the thieves of knots inside straight on without turning back. These three vows abide in each and every one of the infinite vows. Wishing to realize Buddhahood to save sentient beings, they are mindful in this way and make vows in this way,

如是念、如是願，是為菩薩念佛三昧。

which is the Bodhisattvas’ Samadhi of Mindfulness of the Buddhas.

[0281b26] 行菩薩道者，於三毒中若婬欲偏多，先自觀身：

If among the three poisons, those who practice the Bodhisattva path have more lust should first contemplate their bodies.

骨肉皮膚、筋脈流血，肝肺腸胃、屎尿涕唾，三十六物、九想不淨，專心內觀不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。

The 36 objects such as bones, flesh, skin, marrow, veins, blood, liver, lungs, intestines, stomach, stool, urine, tears and saliva can be contemplated as impure in nine ways. Focus on contemplating inwardly and do not let thoughts run out. When thoughts run out to external conditions, pull them back in.

如人執燭入雜穀倉，種種分別豆、麥、黍、粟無不識知。復次觀身六分：堅為地分、濕為水分、熱為火分、動為風分、孔為空分、知為識分。亦如屠牛，分為六分，身首四支，各自異處。

Just as someone who enters the granary with a candle in hand, he recognizes all the different types of beans, wheat and grains. Furthermore, contemplate the six components of the body: solidity is the component earth, moisture is the component water, heat is the component fire, movement is the component wind, aperture is the component emptiness and awareness is the component consciousness.

身有九孔，常流不淨，革囊盛屎，常作是觀，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還。若得一心，意生厭患，求離此身，欲令速滅，早入涅槃。

Also, just as the a bull is slaughtered into six parts, the body, head and the four limbs are each in a different place, the body with its nine apertures constantly drip impurities while the sacks contain excrement. Always contemplate in this way and do not let it think about externals, gently pull back thoughts that run out to the externals. Once focused, they grow weary of the troubles and seek to part with this body, wishing to become extinguished soon and enter nirvana.

是時當發大慈大悲，以大功德，拔濟眾生，興前三願：

At that time, they should bring forth great kindness and great compassion, with great merit and virtue, help sentient beings make the three vows above.

「以諸眾生，不知不淨，起諸罪垢，我當拔置於甘露地。復次，欲界眾生樂著不淨如狗食糞，我當度脫至清淨道。復次，我當學求諸法實相，不有常不無常、非淨非不淨，我當云何著此不淨？觀不淨智從因緣生，如我法者當求實相，云何厭患身中不淨而取涅槃？當如大象度駛流水窮盡源底，得實法相滅入涅槃，豈可如獼猴諸兔畏怖駛流趣自度身？我今當學如菩薩法，行不淨觀除却婬欲，廣化眾生令離欲患，不為不淨觀所厭沒。」

"Since no sentient being is aware or pure, hence developing various offense defilements, I shall lift them onto the ground of sweet dew. Furthermore, sentient beings of the Desire Realm enjoy and are attached to impurities like dogs that eat crap. I shall save them so they reach the path of purity. Furthermore, I shall study and seek all Dharmas’ marks of reality, which are neither permanent nor impermanent, neither pure nor impure. Why am I attached to such impurities? Contemplate the knowledge of impurities come from causes and conditions. Those who accord with my Dharma should pursue the marks of reality. Why do we become weary of the impurities in the body and seek nirvana? Just as an elephant rides on the waters to its fountainhead, we become extinct and enter nirvana when we acquire the marks of true dharma. How can we be like monkeys and rabbits that fear riding on water and hence only head toward personal salvation? I shall emulate the Bodhisattvas and practice the contemplation of impurity, eliminate lust, transform sentient beings on a vast scale, and not drown in my disgust based on the contemplation of impurity."

[0281c18] 復次，既觀不淨則厭生死，當觀淨門繫心三處：

Furthermore, having contemplated impurities and grown weary of the cycle of birth and death, I shall contemplate how the practice of purity is tied to the three spots of the mind:

鼻端、眉間、額上。當於是中，開一寸皮，淨除血肉，繫心白骨，不令外念；外念諸緣，攝之令還，著三緣中，恒與心鬪。如二人相撲，行者若勝，心則不如，制之令住，是名一心。

the tip of the nose, between the eyebrows and on the forehead. I shall focus on one inch of open skin with blood and flesh cleansed in that area and concentrate on the bones. Do not let thoughts run to other things, when they contract other external things, gently pull them back. Abide in these three conditions and engage in a constant battle with the mind. Just like two wrestlers, if the practitioner defeats the mind, then it is tamed and stays put, which is called the singleness of mind.

[0281c22] 若以厭患，起大悲心，愍念眾生，為此空骨，遠離涅槃，入三惡道，我當懃力，作諸功德，教化眾生，令解身相空，骨以皮覆，實聚不淨，為眾生故，徐當分別此諸法相。有少淨想，心生愛著；不淨想多，心生厭患；有出法相，故生實法。諸法實相中，無淨無不淨，亦無閉亦無出，觀諸法等，不可壞不可動，是名諸法實相(出過羅漢法也)。

If I were sympathetically mindful of sentient beings, with great compassion based on weariness, then this empty set of skeleton stays far away from nirvana and enters the three evil realms. I shall diligently create various merits and virtues, teaching sentient beings so they understand the emptiness of the marks of the body. The bones are merely covered by skin and are actually an accumulation of impurities. For the sake of sentient beings, I shall differentiate the marks of these various dharmas." With fewer thoughts of purity, the mind develops attachments; with more thoughts of impurity, the mind grows weary. Since the marks of Dharma manifest, the true dharma develops. The true signs of all dharmas are neither pure nor impure; there is neither shutting-in nor leaving the dharmas of contemplation. Indestructible and immovable, they are called the true signs of all dharmas (leaving means encountering the dharmas of arhats).

[0282a01] 行菩薩道者，若瞋恚偏多，當行慈心，念東方眾生，慈心清淨，無怨無恚，廣大無量，見諸眾生，悉在目前。南西北方、四維上下，亦復如是。制心行慈，不令外念；外念異緣，攝之令還。持心目觀，一切眾生，悉見了了，皆在目前。

Practicing Bodhisattvas who tend to be more hateful and angry shall practice kindness. Be mindful of sentient beings in the east. With vast and boundless kindness and purity and without resentment or hatred, see all beings before your eyes; do so too for south, north and west, the four intermediary directions and above and below. Discipline the mind to practice kindness and do not let it think about external things. When thoughts go out to different conditions, gently bring them back. While maintaining this mindstate, contemplate all beings and see everything clearly as if all were before you.

若得一心，當發願言：「我以涅槃，實清淨法，度脫眾生，使得實樂。」

Once focused, you shall make this vow, "With the truly pure Dharma of nirvana, I shall save sentient beings so they attain true bliss."

行慈三昧，心如此者，是菩薩道。住慈三昧，以觀諸法，實相清淨，不壞不動，願令眾生，得此法利。以此三昧，慈念東方一切眾生，使得佛樂，十方亦爾！心不轉亂，是謂菩薩慈三昧門。

Those who practice samadhi mindstates of kindness such as these are on the path of Bodhisattvas. Those who abide in the samadhi of kindness and contemplate the true marks of all dharmas as pure, indestructible and immovable, wish sentient beings to acquire the benefits of this Dharma. With this samadhi, they are kindly mindful of all beings in the east so that they attain the bliss of Buddhas. Practitioners do the same for beings throughout the ten directions without altering or distracting their mind. This is called the Samadhi Door of Bodhisattvas’ Kindness.

[0282a12] 問曰：「何不一時總念十方眾生？」

Question (問曰): Why are they not mindful of sentient beings throughout the ten directions simultaneously?

[0282a12] 答曰：「先念一方，一心易得，然後次第，周遍諸方。」

Answer (答曰): It is easier to focus on one direction, and then cover all directions in order.

[0282a13] 問曰：「人有怨家，恒欲相害，云何行慈，欲令彼樂？」

Question (問曰): How can people with enemies who always wish to harm them practice kindness so that their enemies become happier?

[0282a14] 答曰：「慈是心法，出生於心，先從所親；所親轉增，乃及怨家，如火燒薪，盛能然濕。」

Answer (答曰): Kindness is a Dharma of the mind and comes from the mind. First direct it at those dear to you then in turn direct it to your enemies; fire that burns strongly can dry moisture.

[0282a16] 問曰：「或時眾生，遭種種苦，或在人中、或地獄中，菩薩雖慈，彼那得樂？」

Question (問曰): Sometimes sentient beings experience various forms of suffering; sometimes they are in the human realm and sometimes they are in the hells. Though the Bodhisattvas are kind, how can these beings become happier?

[0282a18] 答曰：「先從樂人，取其樂相，令彼苦人，得如彼樂。如敗軍將，怖懼失膽，視彼敵人，皆謂勇士。」

Answer (答曰): First emulate the traits of happiness of happy people so that those who suffer seem to have attained such happiness; just as defeated generals are frightened, see all their enemies as courageous knights.

[0282a20] 問曰：「行慈三昧有何善利？」

Question (問曰): What benefits are there to practicing the Samadhi of Kindness?

[0282a20] 答曰： 「行者自念：『出家離俗，應行慈心。』

Answer (答曰): Practitioners think to themselves, "Having left the householders’ life and the secular world, I should practice kindness."

又思惟言：『食人信施，宜行利益。』

Furthermore, they think, "People who believe in generosity should practice benefitting others as the Buddha said.

如佛所言：『須臾行慈，是隨佛教，則為入道，不空受施。』

Practicing kindness is to accord with the teachings of the Buddha; that way they will not have entered this path and received offerings in vain.

復次身著染服，心應不染，慈三昧力，能令不染；復次我心行慈，於破法世我有法人，非法眾中我有法人，如法無惱，慈定力故。菩薩行道，趣甘露門，種種熱惱，慈涼冷樂。

Furthermore, though they are physically dressed in dyed robes, their minds should not be dyed. The power of the kindness samadhi can make the mind untainted. "Furthermore, I practice kindness in a world with shattered dharmas. I am someone with the Dharma in the midst of multitudes without the Dharma. Someone with the Dharma like me is free of afflictions because I accord with the Dharma and the power of the samadhi of kindness." Bodhisattvas practice and head for the door of sweet dew so that various heated afflictions become cool kindness and joy.

如佛所言：『人熱極時，入清涼池樂。』

Just as the Buddha said, "Someone extremely hot should enter the cool pool of joy."

復次被大慈鎧、遮煩惱箭，慈為法藥、消怨結毒，煩惱燒心、慈能除滅；慈為法梯，登解脫臺；慈為法船，渡生死海，貧善法財，慈為上寶；行趣涅槃，慈為道糧；慈為駿足，度入涅槃；慈為猛將，越三惡道。能行慈者，消伏眾惡，諸天善神，常隨擁護。」

Furthermore, don the shield of great kindness to shelter against the arrows of affliction. Kindness is the Dharma medicine that dissolves resentment and unties the knots of venom. When afflictions burn the mind, kindness can extinguish them. Kindness is the Dharma ladder that allows us to climb onto the platform of liberation. Kindness is the Dharma boat that allows us to cross the sea of birth and death. Among the valuables of Dharma based on poverty and goodness, kindness is a most superior gem. Along the journey to nirvana, kindness is the sustenance for the way. Kindness is the stallion that carries us into nirvana. Kindness is the bold general who leaps over the three evil realms. Those who can practice kindness dissolve and tame the multitude of evil so that all gods and good spirits always accompany and support them.

[0282b04] 問曰：「若當行人得慈三昧，云何不失而復增益？」

Question (問曰): How can practitioners who have reached the Samadhi of Kindness avoid losing it, in fact, how can they strengthen it?

[0282b05] 答曰：「學戒清淨，善信倚樂，學諸禪定，一心智慧，樂處閑靜，常不放逸，少欲知足，行順慈教，節身少食，減損睡眠，初夜後夜，思惟不廢，省煩言語，默然守靜，坐臥行住，知時消息，不令失度，致疲苦極，調和寒溫，不令惱亂，是謂益慈。

Answer (答曰): Study the precepts so that they are held purely, so that faith-goers rely on you and delight in you. Study the various dhyāna (Chan; 禅) samadhis and wisdom through the single-pointedness of mind. Enjoy being in quiet places and never be lax. Be content with few desires and practice complying with kind teachings. Restrain the body and eat little and reduce harmful sleep. Do not abandon contemplation in the first part or the latter parts of the night. Save on petty words and keep quiet. Know the time and message while sitting, walking, standing and reclining. Do not act without moderation, which leads to fatigue and extreme suffering. Adjust heat and cold so that they do not become bothersome. These are kind acts that benefit.

[0282b10] 「復次，以佛道樂涅槃之樂與一切人，是名大慈。

Furthermore, share with all people the joy of Buddhahood and nirvana. This is called great kindness.

行者思惟：『現在未來，大人行慈，利益一切，我亦被蒙，是我良祐，我當行慈，畢報施恩。』

Practitioners contemplate, "Great individuals now and in the future practice kindness to benefit all. I am also blessed and aided. I shall practice kindness to repay such kindness."

復更念言：『大德慈心，愍念一切，以此為樂，我亦當爾，念彼眾生，令得佛樂、涅槃之樂，是為報恩。』

Furthermore, they think, "Greatly Virtuous Ones consider it joyful to regard all beings with kindness and sympathy, I shall do the same To repay kindness is to be mindful of sentient beings so they realize the bliss of Buddhahood and nirvana."

[0282b15] 「復次慈力，能令一切，心得快樂，身離熱惱，得清涼樂；持行慈福，念安一切，以報其恩。

Furthermore, the power of kindness can make all become joyous, their bodies apart from heated afflictions and filled with the bliss of refreshing coolness. Practice kindness and blessings by regarding all with peace to repay their kindness.

復次慈有善利，斷瞋恚法，開名稱門，施主良田，生梵天因，住離欲處，除却怨對，及鬪諍根。諸佛稱揚，智人愛敬，能持淨戒，生智慧明，能聞法利，功德醍醐，決定好人，出家猛力，消滅諸惡。罵辱不善，慈報能伏，結集悅樂，生精進法，富貴根因，辦智慧府，誠信庫藏，諸善法門，致稱譽法，敬畏根本，佛正真道。

Furthermore, kindness offers wholesome benefits, ends hatred, opens the door of reputation, is the cause for fine fields from donors and rebirth in the Brahmā Heavens, allows them to stay in places apart from desire, eliminates enemies and the roots of contention, invites praise from all Buddhas and respect from wise individuals, lets them uphold the pure precepts, develops their wisdom, and offers encounters with beneficial Dharmas. Kindness is the cream of the crop with regard to merit and deciphers who are good people. The mighty power of leaving the householder’s life eliminates all evils. A kind response can tame curses, humiliations and unkindness. Kindness can collect joy and develop diligence. It is the cause and root of wealth and nobility; it can construct a mansion of wisdom with storerooms of sincerity and faith and various doors of wholesome Dharmas. Kindness is what leads to reputation and the core to respect and fear on the part of others. It is the true and proper path of the Buddhas.

[0282b24] 「若人持惡向，還自受其殃。五種惡語：非時語、非實語、非利語、非慈語、非軟語。是五惡語不能傾動，一切毒害亦不能傷，譬如小火不能熱大海(此下應出優填王持五百發箭)。

Those who aim to return evil with evil will experience the harm. The five types of evil speech: untimely speech, untruthful speech, unbeneficial speech, unkind speech, and harsh speech.

[Kind individuals] cannot be affected by the five types of evil speech and cannot be harmed by all venomous harm. (for example, a small pyre cannot heat up the great ocean 500 shots).

如《毘羅經》中優填王阿婆陀那說，有二夫人：一名無比，二名舍迷婆帝。無比誹謗舍迷婆帝。舍迷婆帝有五百直人，王以五百箭欲一一射殺之。舍迷婆帝語諸直人，在我後立。是時舍迷婆帝入慈三昧，王挽弓射之，箭墮足下。第二箭還向王脚下。王大驚怖，復欲放箭。舍迷婆帝語王言：『止止。夫婦之義是故相語，若放此箭當直破汝心。』王時恐畏，投弓捨射，問言：『汝有何術？』答言：『我無異術。我是佛弟子，入慈三昧故也！』

Just as King Udan stated with an apadana in the Kapilavastu Sutra: He had two wives, one named Incomparable, the other named Syamavati. Incomparable slanders Syamavati who has 500 subordinates. The King wished to shoot them to death one by one using 500 arrows. Syamavati told all her subordinates, "Stand behind me." At that time, Syamavati enters the Kindness Samadhi so that when the king shot her with an arrow, it fell to her feet. The second arrow returned to the feet of the king. The king was extremely frightened. He wanted to shoot again. Syamavati told the king, "Stop. Let us talk to each other as that is what couples are meant to do. If you release that arrow, it will head straight for your heart." The king was scared and threw down the bow and gave up the shooting. He asked, "What kind of magic do you have?" She answered, "I do not have any magic. I am a disciple of the Buddha who entered the Kindness Samadhi."

[0282c07] 「是慈三昧略說有三種緣：生緣、法緣、無緣。諸未得道，是名生緣。阿羅漢辟支佛，是名法緣。諸佛世尊，是名無緣，是故略說慈三昧門。」

A brief explanation of the Kindness Samadhi may be applied toward three categories of individuals: affinities with life, affinities with the Dharma and no affinities. Those who have not yet become enlightened are those with affinities for life. Arhats and Pratyekabuddhas are those with affinities in the Dharma. All Buddhas and World Honored Ones are those called, with "no affinities." This is a brief explanation of the practice of the Kindness Samadhi.

[0282c11] 行菩薩道者，於三毒中若愚癡偏多，當觀十二分，破二種癡：內破身癡，外破眾生癡。

Practicing Bodhisattvas who tend to be more deluded among the three poisons shall contemplate the Twelve Means that shatter the two types of delusions: self delusion that is shattered within and delusions about sentient beings that are shattered without.

思惟念言：「我及眾生俱在厄難，常生、常老、常病、常死、常滅、常出，眾生可憐，不知出道，從何得脫？」

Contemplate this, "Sentient beings and I both experience hardship, constantly becoming born, constantly aging, constantly getting sick, constantly dying, constantly becoming extinct and constantly exiting. Sentient beings are pathetic and do not know the exit and how to become liberated."

一心思惟，生老病死從因緣生。當復思惟何因緣生？

Focus and think, Birth, old age, sickness and death result due to conditions. I shall further contemplate from which conditions are they born?

一心思惟，生因緣有、有因緣取、取因緣愛、愛因緣受、受因緣觸、觸因緣六入、六入因緣名色、名色因緣識、識因緣行、行因緣無明。如是復思惟，當何因緣滅生老死？

Focus and think: birth results from the condition of existence; existence results from the condition of grasping; grasping results from the condition of love; love results from the condition of feelings; feelings result from the condition of contact; contact results from the condition of the six entrances; the six entrances result from the condition of name and form; name and form result from the condition of consciousness; consciousness results from the condition of activity; and activity results from the condition of ignorance.

一心思惟，生滅故老死滅、有滅故生滅、取滅故有滅、愛滅故取滅、受滅故愛滅、觸滅故受滅、六入滅故觸滅、名色滅故六入滅、識滅故名色滅、行滅故識滅、癡滅故行滅。

Focus and think: birth ceases to be because old age and death cease to be; existence ceases to be because birth ceases to be; grasping ceases to be because existence ceases to be; love ceases to be because grasping ceases to be; feelings cease to be because love ceases to be; contact ceases to be because feelings cease to be; the six entrances cease to be because contact ceases to be; name and form cease to be because the six entrances cease to be; consciousness ceases to be because name and form cease to be; and delusion ceases to be because activity ceases to be.

[0282c23] 此中十二分，云何無明分？不知前、不知後、不知前後，不知內、不知外、不知內外，不知佛、不知法、不知僧，不知苦、不知習、不知盡、不知道，不知業、不知果、不知業果，不知因、不知緣、不知因緣，不知罪、不知福、不知罪福，不知善、不知不善、不知善不善，不知有罪法、不知無罪法，不知應近法、不知應遠法，不知有漏法、不知無漏法，不知世間法、不知出世間法，不知過去法、不知未來法、不知現在法，不知黑法、不知白法，不知分別因緣法，不知六觸法，不知實證法。如是種種不知不慧不見，闇黑無明，是名無明。

Why are there twelve? Ignorance does know about what comes before, what comes after, and both that which comes before and after. It does not know inside, outside, or inside and out. It does not know the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. It does not know suffering, habits, ending, and the way. It does not know karma, retribution or karmic retribution. It does not know cause, condition, or causes and conditions. It does not know offenses, blessings, or offenses and blessings. It does not know goodness, the absence of goodness, or goodness and the absence of goodness. It does not know offense dharmas or dharmas of no offense. It does not know dharmas to draw near or dharmas to stay away from. It does not know dharmas of outflow or non-outflow. It does not know worldly dharma or transcendental dharma. It does not know dharmas of the past, present or future. It does not know black or white dharmas. It does not know to distinguish between causes and conditions. It does not know the dharma of the six contacts. It does not know the dharma of true certification. These various types of dark ignorance that prevent us from knowing, from wisdom, from seeing are called ignorance.

[0283a06] 無明緣行。云何名行？

Ignorance conditions activity. What does it mean by activity?

行有三種：身行、口行、意行。云何身行？入息出息是身行法。

There are three types of activities: activities of the body, speech and mind. What does it mean by activities of the body? Inhaling and exhaling are activities of the body.

所以者何？是法屬身，故名身行。

Why? These are physical Dharma practices; therefore they are called activities of the body.

[0283a08] 云何口行？有覺有觀，是作覺觀已，然後口語，若無覺觀則無言說，是謂口行。

Why is there awareness and contemplation of the activities of speech? It is because they are aware and contemplate before speaking. If there is no awareness and contemplation, there is no talking. This is called activities of speech.

云何意行？(痛名世界人所著三種痛，痛應為受，受則隨界受苦樂，上界所無，故宜言受想出家所患也)。痛想是意法，繫屬意故，是名意行。

What does it mean by activities of the mind (pain refers to the three types of pain to which people in the world are attached. Pain comes from feeling; feeling is felt depending on the joys and suffering in a realm. There is none in the upper realms. Therefore it is best to say that feelings and thoughts are still trouble for those who have left the householder’s life)? Thought regarding pain is a dharma of the mind. It is connected to the mind; therefore it is called activities of the mind.

復次欲界繫行、色界繫行、無色界繫行。復次善行、不善行、不動行。云何善行？欲界一切善行，亦色界三地。云何不善行？諸不善法。云何不動行？第四禪有漏善行及無色定善有漏行。是名行。

Furthermore, the Desire Realm is tied to activities, the Form Realm is tied to activities, and the Formless Realm is tied to activities. Moreover, there are wholesome conduct, unwholesome conduct and unaffected conduct. What is wholesome conduct? All wholesome conducts in the Desire Realm are also the third ground in the Form Realm. What is unwholesome conduct? All unwholesome dharmas? What is unaffected conduct? The Fourth Dhyāna’s wholesome conduct with outflow and the conduct of wholesome samadhi with outflow in the Formless Realm are called activities.

[0283a16] 行因緣識。云何名識？六種識界：眼識乃至意識，是名六識。

Activities condition consciousness. What does it mean by consciousness? The six types of realms of consciousness range from the eye consciousness to the mind consciousness. These are called the Six Types of Consciousness.

[0283a17] 識因緣名色，云何為名？無色四分：痛、想、行、識，是謂名。云何為色？一切色四大及造色，是謂色。云何四大？地、水、火、風。云何地？堅重相者地，濡濕相者水，熱相者火，輕動相者風。餘色可見，有對無對是名造色。名色和合，是謂名色。

Consciousness conditions name and form. What does it mean by name? The four divisions of pain, thoughts, activities and consciousness in the Formless Realm are called name. What does it mean by form? The four elements and the composition of all form are called form. What are the four elements? Earth, water, fire and wind. What is earth? That which is solid and heavy is earth. That which is moist and wet is water. That which is hot is fire. That which is light and moving is wind. Other forms can be seen. Dualities and non-dualities are called the compositions of form. The combination of name and form are called name and form.

[0283a22] 名色因緣六入。云何六入？內六入：眼內入乃至意內入，是名六入。

Name and form condition the six entrances. What are the six entrances? The inner six entrances range from the inner entrance of the eye to the inner entrance of the mind. These are called the six entrances.

[0283a24] 六入因緣觸。云何觸？六種觸界：眼觸乃至意觸。云何眼觸？眼緣色生眼識，三法和合，是名眼觸，乃至意觸亦如是！

The six entrances condition contact. What is contact? The six realms of contact range from contact with the eye to contact through the mind. What is contact with the eye? The eyes condition form, which gives rise to eye consciousness. The combination of these three is what is called contact with the eyes. The same applies on up to contact through the mind.

[0283a26] 觸因緣受。云何受？三種受：樂受、苦受、不苦不樂受。云何樂受？愛使。云何苦受？恚使。云何不苦不樂受？癡使。復次樂受生樂，住樂滅苦；苦受生苦，住苦滅樂；不苦不樂受，不知苦不知樂。

Contact conditions feeling. What is feeling? The three types of feeling are the feelings of joy, suffering and neutrality. What is the feeling of joy? A servant of love. What is the feeling of suffering? A servant of hatred. What is the feeling of neutrality? A servant of delusion. Furthermore, the feeling of joy produces joy, when joy abides, suffering extinguishes. The feeling of suffering produces suffering, when suffering abides, joy extinguishes. The feeling of neutrality is neither aware of suffering nor joy.

[0283b01] 受因緣愛。云何愛？眼觸色生愛，乃至意觸法生愛。

Feeling conditions love. What is love? Contact between the eyes and form produces love and on up to contact between mind and dharma, also producing love.

[0283b02] 愛因緣取。云何取？欲取、見取、戒取、我語取。

Love conditions grasping. What is grasping? Grasping of desire, grasping of view, grasping of precepts, grasping of the self, and grasping of language.

[0283b03] 取因緣有。云何有？三種有：欲有、色有、無色有。下從阿鼻大泥梨。上至他化自在天，是名欲有，及其能生業。云何色有？從下梵世上至阿迦尼吒天，是名色有。云何無色有？從虛空乃至非有想非無想處，是名無色有。

Grasping conditions existence. What is existence? The three types of existence are the existence of desire, the existence of form and the existence of formlessness. From down below in the Avici on up to the Heaven of Others’ Transformation of Ease are called the existence of desire. It can bring forth karma. What is the existence of form? From the Brahmā Realm down below on up to the Akaniṣṭha Heaven are called the existence of form. What is the existence of formlessness? From space and on up to the space of neither thought nor no thought is called the existence of formlessness.

[0283b08] 有因緣生。云何生？種種眾生處處生出，有受陰得持得入得命，是名生。

Existence conditions birth. What is birth? Various sentient beings are born from various places. With the skandha of feeling, beings acquire upholding, entering and life, which are called birth.

[0283b10] 生因緣老死。云何老？齒落、髮白、多皺、根熟、根破、氣噎，身僂拄杖行步，陰身朽故，是名老。

Birth conditions old age and death. What is death? The falling of teeth, the graying of hair, the wrinkling of skin, the ripening of the senses, the breaking of the senses, and the choking of breath, the body hunches so that beings walk with a cane.

[0283b12] 云何死？一切眾生處處退、落、墮、滅、斷、死，失壽命盡，是名死。先老後死，故名老死。

The skandha body withers, which is called aging. What is death? All beings everywhere retreat, fall, plummet and become extinct. They die and lose their life, which is called death. First age then dying; hence the name old age and death.

[0283b14] 是中十二因緣，一切世間非無因緣邊、非天邊、非人邊，非種種等邪緣邊出。菩薩觀十二因緣，繫心不動不令外念；外念諸緣攝之令還。觀十二分生三世中：前生、今生、後生。

With regard to the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣), nothing in the world can avoid touching causes and conditions. Things do not come from the heavens, humans and other deviant conditions. The Bodhisattvas contemplate the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) with an unaffected mind that is tied to one thought and does not think about the externals. When the mind conditions externals, it is gently brought back. Contemplate the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) being born from the three periods of time, past, present and future.

菩薩若得心住，當觀十二分空無有主。癡不知我作行，行不知我從癡有，但無明緣故行生。如草木種從子芽出，子亦不知我生芽，芽亦不知從子出，乃至老死亦復如是！

If Bodhisattvas abide in the mind, they should contemplate that the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) are empty and there is no host. Delusion does not know that the self creates the activities; activities do not know that the self comes from the existence of delusion. But for the condition of ignorance, activities come forth. Like seeds that develop into vegetation through buds, seeds do not know that they come from the buds while buds do not know that they come from the seeds either. This is applicable to old age and death and others.

是十二分中，一一觀知無主無我，如外草木無主，但從倒見計有吾我。

Contemplate and know each of the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) as without a host and a self. Just as vegetation outside has no host, the self only exists due to calculations based on perverted views.

[0283b23] 問曰：「若無吾我、無主、無作，云何去來言說死此生彼？」

Question (問曰): If there were no self, no host and no action, why are leaving and coming explained as dying here and becoming born there?

[0283b24] 答曰：「雖無吾我，六情作因、六塵作緣、中生六識，三事和合故觸法生，念知諸業，由是去來，言說從是有生死。譬如日愛珠，因日、乾牛屎，和合方便故火出。五陰亦爾，因此五陰生，後世五陰出，非此五陰至後世，亦不離此五陰得後世五陰，五陰但從因緣出。

Answer (答曰): Although there is no self, the six emotions create the causes, the six sense objects create the conditions and in their midst come the six consciousnesses. These three items combine so contact occurs and thoughts are aware of all karma. Therefore leaving and coming are explained as dying here and becoming born there. For instance, the cause of the sun’s love for the pearl and the sun’s drying the cow dung led to their expedient union, hence fire occurs. The Five Skandhas are the same. Therefore the Five Skandhas come into being and the Five Skandhas emerge in future lives. It is not that these five skandhas go to future lives or that these five skandhas here are not left behind to attain the five skandhas in future lives. The Five Skandhas come forth from the causal links just as the grains come forth from sprouts.

譬如穀子中芽出，是子非芽亦非餘芽邊生，非異非一，得後世身亦爾！譬如樹未有莖節、枝葉、華實，得時節因緣華葉具足，善惡行報亦復如是！種子壞故非常、非一；芽、莖、葉等生故不斷不異；死生相續亦復如是！」

The seeds are not the sprouts and did not come forth from anything other than sprouts. They are neither different nor one. This is also how they acquire future lives. For example, a tree did not have any branches, leaves, flowers and fruits earlier; but with the causes and conditions of seasons, it becomes complete with flowers and leaves. The activities and consequences of good and evil are just so too. The seeds degenerate therefore they are neither constant nor one. The sprouts, branches, leaves and others come into being therefore do not sever and are no different. The continuity of death and birth is just so too.

[0283c06] 行者謂法無常、苦、空、無我，自生自滅。知因愛等有，知因滅是盡，知盡是道。以四種智知十二分，是正見道。眾生為縛著所誑，如人有無價寶珠，不別其真，為他欺誑。是時菩薩發大悲心，我當作佛，以正真法化彼眾生，令見正道。

Practitioners say, "The Dharma is impermanent; suffering and emptiness is without a self; coming into being and ceasing occur on their own." Know that love and other causes exist; know that extinction of causes is completion; and know that completion is the path. Know the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) with the four kinds of wisdom is the path of proper view. Sentient beings are deceived by entangled attachments like someone who owns a priceless gem but does not know that it is authentic and is deceived by others. At that time, Bodhisattvas become greatly compassionate, "I shall become a Buddha to transform sentient beings with the proper and true Dharma so that they see the proper path."

[0283c11] 問曰：「如《摩訶衍般若波羅蜜》中言：『諸法不生不滅，空無所有，一相無相，是名正見。』云何言無常等觀名為正見？」

Question (問曰): Just as the Mahāyāna Prajñāpāramitā says, "All dharmas do not come into being nor cease to be; there is nothing whatsoever other than emptiness. That one sign is no sign, which is called the proper view." What does it mean to call impermanence and other contemplations the proper view?

[0283c13] 答曰：「若《摩訶衍》中說『諸法空無相』，云何言無常、苦、空等不實？

Answer (答曰): If the Mahāyāna says that all dharmas are empty and devoid of signs, why does it say impermanence, suffering, emptiness and others were untrue?

若言不生不滅空是實相者，不應言無相。汝言前後不相應。復次佛說四顛倒，無常中常顛倒亦有道理，一切有為無常。何以故？因緣生故。無常因、無常緣，所生果云何常？先無而今有，已有便無。一切眾生皆見無常，內有老、病、死，外見萬物凋落，云何言無常不實？」

If it says emptiness that does not come into being nor cease to be is a sign of reality, then it should not say it is of no sign. What you say earlier and later are inconsistent. Furthermore, the Buddha talks about the Four Perversions. There is constant perversion in impermanence makes some sense. All conditioned things are impermanent. Why do causes and conditions come forth? There are no permanent causes and no permanent conditions, so how can the fruits that come forth be constant? First there was none, now is exists. Existent, it is then gone. All beings see impermanence, which contains old age, sickness and death. Externally they see all things wither. Hence we talk about impermanence being unreal.

[0283c20] 問曰：「我不言有常為實、無常為不實，我言有常、無常俱是不實。何以故？

Question (問曰): I do not say that permanence is real and impermanence is unreal. I say that both permanence and impermanence are unreal. Why?

佛言：『空中有常、無常，二事不可得，若著此二事，是俱顛倒。』」

The Buddha said, "Both permanence and impermanence in emptiness cannot be attained. To be attached to these two is to be completely perverted."

[0283c23] 答曰：「汝言不與法相應。何以故？言無法，云何復言二俱顛倒？一切空無所有，是為實不顛倒。若我破有常著無常，我法應破而不實，我有常顛倒，破故觀無常。何以故？

Answer (答曰): Your words do not correspond with the Dharma. Why? You say there is no dharma, then you say both are perverted. All are empty and nonexistent, therefore

[that dharma] is real and not perverted. If I shatter existence and are constantly attached to impermanence, my dharma should be shattered and the self is not real. The perversion of existence being constant is shattered, therefore contemplate impermanence. Why?

無常力能破有常，如毒能破餘毒，如藥除病，藥亦俱去，當知藥妙能除病故。若藥不去，後藥為病，此亦如是！若無常法著，應當破，不實故。我不受無常法，云何破？

The power of impermanence can shatter permanent existence. Just as poison is antidote for other poisons. Just as medicine, once taken to eliminate sickness, is gone too. We should know that the medicine is wonderful in its ability to alleviate sicknesses. If the medicine does not disappear, then medicine becomes a sickness later. Similarly, if attachments to impermanent dharmas should be shattered because they are unreal, then what is there to shatter with regard to the self that does not accept the dharma of impermanence?

佛言：『苦是四真諦中言實苦，誰能使樂？苦因是實因，誰能令非因？苦盡是實盡，誰能令不盡？盡道是實道，誰能令非道？如日或可令冷，月或可令熱，風可令不動，是四真諦終不可動轉。』

The Buddha said, "Suffering is the the real suffering explained in the Four Noble Truths. Who can make you happy? The cause of suffering is a true cause, who can make it so it is not a cause? The end of suffering is true ending, who can make it not end? The end of the way is the true way, who can make it not the way? Just as the sun may cool, the moon may warm up, or the wind may stop moving, the Four Noble Truths will never be altered.

汝於《摩訶衍》中不能了，但著言聲。《摩訶衍》中諸法實相，實相不可破、無有作者。若可破可作，此非摩訶衍。如月初生，一日二日其生時甚微細，有明眼人能見，指示不見者。此不見人但視其指，而迷於月。

You cannot understand the Mahāyāna Dharma because you are attached to words and sounds. The various true marks in the Mahāyāna Dharma cannot be shattered because there is no doer. If it can be shattered or created, then it is not the Mahāyāna. Just as the new moon is very tiny when it comes forth on the first or second day, people with good vision see and point it out to those who do not see. Those who do not see stare at the finger and are lost with regard to the moon.

明者語言：『癡人！何以但視我指？指為月緣，指非彼月。』汝亦如是！言音非實相，但假言表實理。汝更著言聲，闇於實相。」

Those who understand say, "Fool, why only stare at my finger, the finger is the condition for the moon; the finger is not the moon." You are the same way. Words and sounds are not the marks of reality, but are borrowed to express true principles. You further become attached to words and sounds and are occluded as far as true marks.

[0284a13] 行若得如是正知見，觀十二分，和合為因果二分：果時十二分為苦諦，因時十二分為習諦，因滅是盡諦，見因果盡是道諦。

If you practice and acquire such proper knowledge and views, contemplate the combination of the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) and the Two Divisions of Cause and Effect: the Twelve Causal Links of Effect is the truth of suffering, the Twelve Causal Links of Cause is the truth of practice, the ceasing of cause is the truth of ceasing, and seeing that cause and effect cease is the truth of the way.

四種觀果：無常、苦、空、無我。

There are four types of contemplation on effect: impermanence, suffering, emptiness and no self.

四種觀因：集、因、緣、生。

The four types of contemplation on cause are: collection, cause, condition, and production.

[0284a17] 問曰：「果有四種但名苦諦，餘者無諦名也？」

Question (問曰): There are four types of effect, but only the truth of suffering is named, the rest of the truths are not named.

[0284a18] 答曰：「若言無常諦復疑，苦諦亦疑，無我諦亦疑，一種難處。復次，若言無常諦無咎，空非我諦亦無咎。若無常苦空無我諦，於說為重故，是故於四說一。」

Answer (答曰): If we talk about the truth of impermanence and you doubt it, you will doubt the truth of suffering and the truth of no self. The same difficulty applies. Furthermore, if you say the truth of impermanence is faultless, you will say that the truths of emptiness and no self are also faultless. If the truths about impermanence, suffering, emptiness and no self were explained, they would be repeated. Therefore the four are explained with one.

[0284a21] 問曰：「苦有何異相，於三中獨得名？」

Question (問曰): How is suffering different so that it is the only one among the three that was named?

[0284a22] 答曰：「苦是一切眾生所厭患，眾生所怖畏，無常不爾！或有人為苦所逼，思得無常，無有欲得苦者。」

Answer (答曰): Suffering is something that all sentient beings detest and are weary of. Sentient beings are afraid of it. Impermanence is different. There may be people who, oppressed by suffering, think of impermanence and suffers without desire.

[0284a24] 問曰：「有人欲得捉刀自殺，針炙苦藥入賊，如是種種非求苦也？」

Question (問曰): Is it not suffering if someone wishes to commit suicide with a knife but treat a thief with bitter medicine and acupuncture?

[0284a25] 答曰：「非為欲得苦，欲存大樂，畏苦故取死。苦為第一患，樂為第一利，以是故離實苦得快樂，是故佛以果分，獨名苦諦，非無常、空、無我諦。」

Answer (答曰): It is not about wishing to acquire suffering and wishing to preserve bliss. Beings fear death because death is grasped. Suffering is the foremost problem and joy is the foremost benefit. Therefore by leaving true suffering is to acquire happiness. Hence the Buddha only named the truth of suffering among the divisions of effect; it is not that the truths of impermanence, emptiness and no self are nonexistent.

[0284a29] 是於四諦中了了實智慧不疑不悔，是名正見。思惟是事種種增益故，是名正覺。除邪命攝四種邪語，離餘四種邪語，攝四種正語，除邪命攝身三種業，除餘三種邪業，名正業。

Once beings understand the Four Noble Truths and its true wisdom, there is no doubt or regret, which is called proper view. Contemplate these and there are various benefits. This is called proper awareness. Eliminate deviant livelihood and gather-in the four kinds of deviant words. Part with the four other types of deviant words and gather-in the four kinds of proper words. Eliminate deviant livelihood and gather-in the three karmas of the body; eliminate the three other types of deviant karmas is called proper karma.

離餘種種邪命，是名正命。如是觀時精進，是正方便。是事念不散，是名正念。是事思惟不動，是名正定。正覺如王，七事隨從，是名道諦。

Part with the other forms of deviant livelihood is called proper livelihood. To diligently contemplate in this way is proper expedience. To focus without being scattered is called proper mindfulness. To contemplate without being affected is called proper concentration. Proper awareness is like the king followed by seven servants, which are called the truth of the way.

[0284b07] 是事一心實信不動，是名信根。一心精懃求道，是名精進根。一心念不忘失，是名念根。心住一處亦不馳散，是名定根。思惟分別無常等覺，是名慧根。是名增長得力，是名五力。

Focus on this and truly believe it without being affected is called the root of faith. To focus on diligently pursuing the way is called the root of vigor. To not forget to concentrate on being mindful is called the root of mindfulness. To concentrate the mind on one object and not let it become scattered is called the root of samadhi. Contemplating and differentiating between impermanence and other awarenesses are called roots of wisdom. This is called development leading to power. These are called the Five Powers.

[0284b11] 問曰：「八正道中皆說慧念定等，根力中何以重說？」

Question (問曰): The Eightfold Proper Path talks about wisdom, mindfulness, concentration and others, why are the roots and the powers repeated?

[0284b12] 答曰：「隨入行時初得小利，是時名為根。是五事增長得力，是時得名為力。」

Answer (答曰): Upon entering the practice, practitioners initially attain some minor benefit, which are called the roots at that time. Five items strengthen them, which are called the powers.

[0284b13] 初入無漏見諦道中，是功德名八正道。入思惟道時，名七覺意。

Initial entry into non-outflow and the seeing of the truth of the way are merit and virtue, which are called the Eightfold Proper Path. Entry onto the path of contemplation is called the Seven Thoughts on Awakening.

初入道中觀念身痛心法常一心念，是名四念止。

Upon initial entry onto the path, contemplate with a focused mind the pain of the body, which is called Abiding in the Four Mindfulnesses.

如是得善法味四種精懃，是名四正懃。

In this way, they acquire the flavor of wholesome dharmas from the four types of diligence, which are called the Four Proper Diligences.

如是欲精進定慧初門，懃精進求如意自在，是名四神足。

This wish to be more diligent and enter the first door of concentration and wisdom is called the Four Spiritual Fulfillments.

雖名四念止、四正懃、四神足、五根等，皆攝隨行時初後少多行地緣，各各得名。

Although called the Four Mindfulnesses, Four Proper Diligences, Four Spiritual Fulfillments, the Five Roots etc., each acquired its name according to the activity of gathering-in the mind, whether it comes earlier or later, less or more, its conduct, level and conditions.

譬如四大，各各有四大，但多得名。若地種多，水火風少處，名為地大。水火風亦如是！

Just as each of the Four Elements contains the four elements, the term is based on the majority of the composition. If there were more elements of earth and less of water, fire and wind, then the element is called the earth element. This applies to the elements of water, fire, and wind too.

如是三十七品中各各有諸品，如四念止中有四正懃、四神足、五根、五力、七覺、八道等。

Similarly, each of the 37 Means contains all means. Just as Abiding in the Four Mindfulnesses contains the Four Proper Diligences, the Four Spiritual Fulfillments, the Five Roots, the Five Powers, the Seven Awakenings, the Eightfold Proper Path and others.

[0284b24] 如是觀十二分、四諦行、四念止、四正懃、四神足、五根、五力、七覺意、八正道，其心安樂。

Similarly, each of the 37 Means contains all means. Just as Abiding in the Four Mindfulnesses contains the Four Proper Diligences, the Four Spiritual Fulfillments, the Five Roots, the Five Powers, the Seven Awakenings, the Eightfold Proper Path and others. Contemplating the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣), the Four Noble Truths, Abiding in the Four Mindfulnesses, Four Proper Diligences, Four Spiritual Fulfillments, the Five Roots, the Five Powers, the Seven Awakenings, and the Eightfold Proper Path in this way, they are at peace.

復以此法度脫眾生，一心誓願精進求佛。是時心中思惟觀念：「我了了觀知此道，不應取證。」有二事力故未入涅槃：

Furthermore, save sentient beings with these Dharmas so that they concentrate on the vow of diligently pursuing Buddhahood. At that time, contemplate and think, "I understand that in contemplating and knowing this way, I should not grasp it or certify to it. I have not entered nirvana due to the power of two things.

一者、大悲不捨眾生，

One is great compassion, not wishing to abandon sentient beings.

二者、深知諸法實相。

Two, the profound knowledge of the true marks of all dharmas.

諸心心數法從因緣生，我今云何隨此不實？當自思惟，欲入深觀十二因緣，知因緣是何法。復更思惟，是四種緣：因緣、次第緣、緣緣、增上緣。

All methods of the mind come forth from causes and conditions. Why do I follow that which is not true? I shall ponder this since I wish to enter the profound contemplation of the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) and know what the Dharma of causal links is all about. Furthermore, ponder these four conditions: causal conditions, sequential conditions, conditioned conditions and enhanced conditions.

五因為因緣，除過去現在阿羅漢最後心，餘過去現在心心數法，是次第緣。緣緣、增上緣，緣一切法。

The Five Causes are causes and conditions. Eliminate the final mindstate of past and present arhats. The remainder of past and present mindstates consists of the methods of the mind. These are sequential conditions. Conditional conditions and enhanced conditions condition all dharmas.

復自思惟言：「若法先因緣中有，則不應言是法因緣生；若無，亦不應言因緣中生；生有半無亦不應因緣生；云何有因緣？若法未生，若過去心心數法失，云何能作次第緣？

Ponder further, "If the explanation is that dharmas first come from causes and conditions then we should not say that dharmas come from causes and conditions. If not, then we should not say they come forth in the midst of causes and conditions either. Production contains half a void should not come from causes and conditions either. Why are there causes and conditions?

若佛法中妙法無緣涅槃，云何為緣緣？若諸法實無性，有法不可得；若因緣果生，因此有彼，是說則不然；若因緣中各各別、若和合一處，是果不可得，云何因緣邊出果？

If dharmas were not produced and the methods of the mind from the past were lost, how can sequential conditions be done? If we had no conditions with the wonderful dharmas among the Buddhadharma, why is nirvana a conditional condition? If all dharmas were indeed without any inherent nature, then the dharma of existence cannot be acquired. If the effect of causes and conditions come forth because of another, this explanation is not so. If causes and conditions were distinct, when combined in one place, their effect is indeed unobtainable. Why does effect come from the peripheries of causes and conditions?

因緣中無果故。若因緣中先無果而出者，何以不非因緣邊出果？二俱無故。果屬因緣，因緣邊出，是因緣不自在屬餘因緣，是果屬餘因緣。云何不自在？因緣能生果，是故果不從因緣有，亦不從非因緣有，則為非果。果無故，緣與非緣亦無也！」

There is no effect in causes and conditions. If there were no effect in the midst of causes and conditions at first but it manifests, then why do effect not manifest from the peripheris of non-causes and non-conditions? It is because both are nonexistent. Effect belongs to causes and conditions and manifests from the peripheries of causes and conditions. The causes and conditions do not stand alone but belong to other causes and conditions. Why does this effect that belongs to other causes and conditions stand on its own? Causes and conditions can produce effect; therefore effect does not come forth from causes and conditions or the existence of non-causes and non-conditions. This is therefore not an effect. Since there is no effect, there is neither condition nor the absence of condition.

[0284c20] 問曰：「佛言十二因緣，無明緣諸行，汝云何言無因果？」

Question (問曰): The Buddha explained the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) and that ignorance conditions activities. Why do you say there is no cause and effect?

[0284c21] 答曰：「先以被答，不應更難，若難者更當答。佛言眼因色緣癡邊生邪憶念，癡是無明，是中無明，何所依住？若依眼邪？

Answer (答曰): First, I must provide an answer. It is more difficult to provide no response. If it is difficult, then all the more should I respond. The Buddha said the eyes give rise to deviant thoughts, because form conditions the edge of delusion. Delusion is ignorance. What is there for ignorance to rely upon and abide in?

若色中、若識邪？不應依眼住。若依眼住，不應待色，常應癡。若依色住，不應待眼。是則外癡，何豫我事？

If it relies on the deviances of the eyes, form, or deviances in consciousness, it should not abide in the eyes. They should not wait for form but should always be deluded. If they depend on form, they should not wait for the eyes because they are outer delusions, what do they have to do with me?

若依識住，識無色、無對、無觸、無分、無處。無明亦爾，云何可住？

If they were to depend on consciousness, consciousness is devoid of form, duality, contact, division or location. The same is so with ignorance, so where is there to abide?

是故無明非內、非外、非兩中間，不從前世來，亦不住後世，非東西南北、四維上下來，無有實法，無明性爾。了無明性，則變為明，一一推之，癡不可得。云何無明緣行？

Therefore ignorance is not inside, outside or in-between. It does not come form past lives and does not abide in future lives. It is neither in the east, west, north, south, the four intermediary directions, zenith or nadir. There is no true dharma. The nature of ignorance is just about no nature of understanding, which turns into understanding when changed. Deduce one step at a time and know that delusion is unattainable. Why does ignorance condition activities?

如虛空不生不滅、不有不盡，本性清淨。無明亦如是，不生不滅、不有不盡，本性清淨，乃至生緣老死亦爾。」

Just as space neither comes into being nor ceases to be, neither exists nor ends, and its inherent nature is fundamentally pure. Ignorance is too. It neither comes into being nor ceases to be, neither exists nor ends, and its inherent nature is fundamentally pure. This is so too for each link on up to birth conditions old age and death.

[0285a04] 菩薩如是觀十二因緣，知眾生虛誑繫在苦患，易度耳。諸法若有實相難可得度，思惟如是則破愚癡。

Bodhisattvas contemplate the Twelve Causal Links (十二因緣) in this way and know that sentient beings are deceived and tied to suffering and problems but easy to save. If there were true marks to all dharmas, beings would be difficult to save. Pondering in this way will shatter delusion.

[0285a06] 若菩薩心多思覺，常念阿那波那，入時出時數一乃至十，一一心不令馳散。菩薩從此門得一心，除五蓋欲行。

If Bodhisattvas tend to think more, be mindful of ānāpāna constantly, count the inhalations and exhalations from one to ten without letting the mind roam or scatter. Through this practice Bodhisattvas reach singleness of mind and eliminate the Five Coverings and activities of desire.

[0285a09] 菩薩見道應行三種忍法：生忍、柔順法忍、無生忍。云何生忍？

Bodhisattvas who see the way should practice three types of patience: patience with the production of Dharma, patience with tender and compliant Dharma, and patience with non-production. What is the patience of production?

一切眾生或罵或打或殺，種種惡事，心不動轉、不瞋、不恚，不唯忍之而更慈悲，此諸眾生求諸好事願一切得，心不捨放。是時漸得解諸法實相，如氣熏著。譬如慈母愛其赤子乳哺養育，種種不淨不以為惡，倍加憐念欲令得樂。

With regard to various evil things such as being scolded, beaten or killed by all beings, Bodhisattvas are not affected, angry or hateful. Not only are they patient, but they are furthermore compassionate. All these beings wish for good things, so may they attain all they wish. Without releasing such thoughts in the mind, they will gradually attain and understand the true marks of all dharmas, as if being perfumed. For instance, a kind mother loves her child. She feeds and raises the child. She does not consider the various impurities as evil; but is doubly empathetic and wishes for the child’s happiness.

行者如是，一切眾生作種種惡、淨不淨行，心不增惡不退不轉。復次十方無量眾生，我一人應當悉度使得佛道，心忍不退、不悔、不却、不懈、不厭、不畏、不難，是生忍中一心繫念。三種思惟不令外念，外念諸緣攝之令還，是名生忍。

Practitioners are the same way; all beings do all kinds of evil but practitioners do not detest, retreat or turn away from pure and impure conducts. Furthermore, I shall personally cause infinite beings throughout the ten directions to be saved and reach Buddhahood. Be patient and not retreat, regret or be frightened. Do not be lax, weary, fearful, or obstructed. Focus with a singleness of mind while being patient with such production using three types of contemplation. Do not think about other things; when thoughts condition externals, bring them back. This is called the Patience with Production.

[0285a21] 云何柔順法忍？

How can we be gentle and compliant in being patient with the Dharma?

菩薩既得生忍，功德無量，知是功德福報無常，是時厭無常自求常福，亦為眾生求常住法。一切諸法，色無色法、可見不可見法、有對無對法、有漏無漏、有為無為、上中下法，求其實相。實相云何？非有常非無常、非樂非不樂、非空非不空、非有神非無神？何以故非有常？

Though Bodhisattvas have acquired the Patience with Production and embody infinite merit and virtue, they know that merit and blessings are impermanent; at the same time, be weary of impermanence and constantly seek blessings, including seeking constant abiding in the Dharma for sentient beings. Seek the true marks in all dharmas: the dharmas of form and formlessness, dharmas that can be seen and cannot be seen, dharmas that are dual and nondual, dharmas of outflow and non-outflow, conditioned and unconditioned, superior, average, and inferior. Why are the signs of reality neither constant nor impermanent, neither joyous nor unhappy, neither empty nor not empty, and neither spiritual nor not spiritual? Why is there no constant existence?

因緣生故。先無今有故，已有還無故，是故非有常。云何非無常？

It comes from causes and conditions. First there is none now there is existence. Therefore existence returns to nothing, hence there is no permanent existence. What does it mean by no impermanence?

業報不失故，受外塵故，因緣增長故非無常。云何非樂？

Karmic retribution is not lost, external sense objects are felt, and causes and conditions grow; therefore there is no impermanence. What does it mean by no joy?

新苦中生樂想故，一切無常性故，緣欲生故，是故非樂。云何非不樂？樂有受故，欲染生故，求樂不惜身故，是非不樂。云何非空？

Thoughts of joy come from new forms of suffering due to the nature of impermanence and conditions wishing to come into being. Therefore there is no joy. What does it mean by no unhappiness?

內外入各各受了了故，有罪福報故，一切眾生信故，是故非空。云何非不空？

Happiness occurs due to feelings; it is generated by tainted desire. Happiness is sought without a care for their lives, that is not unhappiness. What does it mean by no emptiness?

和合等實故，分別求不可得故，心力轉故，是故非不空。云何非有神？

It means that things enter from the outside and inside and each being feels and understands uniquely. It is because of the retribution of offenses and blessings. It is because all beings believe it so, there is no emptiness. What does it mean by no non-emptiness?

不自在故，第七識界不可得故，神相不可得故，是故非有神。云何非無神？

It means that union and others are true. Due to discrimination, it is unobtainable when sought. It is turned by the power of the mind, therefore it is about no non-emptiness. What doe it mean by the nonexistence of gods?

有後世故，得解脫故，各各我心生不計餘處故，是故非無神。如是不生不滅、不不生不不滅、非有非無、不受不著，言說悉滅、心行處斷，如涅槃性，是法實相。於此法中信心清淨，無滯無礙，軟知軟信軟進，是謂柔順法忍。

It means there is no ease. It is because the realm of the seventh consciousness is unobtainable; therefore there is the nonexistence of gods. What does it mean by no absence of gods? There are future lives, the attainment of liberation, and each individual’s not calculating other things in the mind; therefore the nonexistence of the absence of gods. In this way, it does not come into being or cease to be; it is not the absence of coming into being or ceasing to be; it is neither existence nor void; and it is neither feeling nor attachment. Words completely cease and the activities of the mind stop. Just as the nature of nirvana is the true mark of the Dharma, with this Dharma, faith is pure and freed of stagnation and obstruction. Gentle knowledge, gentle faith and gentle diligence make it the Tender and Compliant Patience with the Dharma.

[0285b13] 云何無生法忍？

What does it mean by Patience with the Non-production of Dharma (無生 anutpāda 法)?

如上實相法中，智慧、信、進增長根利，是名無生法忍。譬如聲聞法中煖法、頂法，智慧、信、精進增長得忍法，忍者忍涅槃、忍無漏法，故名為忍。新得、新見，故名為忍。法忍亦如是。

Just as in the above Dharma of the marks of reality, wisdom, faith and vigor strengthen the benefits to sense faculties, this is called Patience with the Non-production of Dharma (無生 anutpāda 法). For instance, among the Sound Hearer dharmas, patience with the Dharma is attained by developing wisdom, faith and vigor in the dharmas of heat and summit. Patient individuals are patient with nirvana and non-outflow dharmas; this is why it is called patience. Due to new attainments and new views, this is called patience. Patience with the Dharma is just so too.

時解脫阿羅漢不得無生智，增進廣利轉成不時解脫得無生智。無生法忍亦如是，未得菩薩果得無生法忍，得菩薩真行果，是名菩薩道果。

At that time, the liberated arhat does not acquire the wisdom of non-production. They acquire the wisdom of non-production by increasing vast benefits and turn them into liberation not fixed to one time. Patience with the Non-production of Dharma (無生 anutpāda 法) is just so too. Those who have not reached the fruition of Bodhisattvas attain Patience with the Non-production of Dharma (無生 anutpāda 法). To acquire the fruition of Bodhisattvas’ true conduct is called the fruition of the Bodhisattvas’ way.

是時得般舟三昧，於眾生中得大悲，入般若波羅蜜門。爾時諸佛便受其號，墮生佛界中，為諸佛所念，一切重罪薄，薄者滅，三惡道斷，常生天上人中，名不退轉。

At that time, they attain the Pratyutpanna Samadhi, great compassion among sentient beings and entry into the prajnaparamita door. At that time, all Buddhas bestow them with an epithet. They fall and become reborn in the realm of Buddhas. All Buddhas are mindful of them. All of their heavy offenses thin and thin ones extinguish. The three evil realms are cut off for them so that they are always reborn in the heavens or among humans. This is called non-retreat to an unaffected space.

到不動處，末後肉身盡入法身中，能作種種變化，度脫一切眾生，具足六度供養諸佛，淨佛國土教化眾生，立十地中功德成滿，次第得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提，為菩薩禪法中初門。

Later their flesh body enters the Dharma body and can create various transformations, save all beings, be replete with the Six Paramitas and make offerings to all Buddhas. Teaching sentient beings in the pure Buddhalands, realizing and fulfilling merits in the ten grounds, they sequentially attain annutarasamyaksambodhi. This is an initial practice of the dhyāna (Chan; 禅) Dharma for Bodhisattvas.